1.Q: What is the incidence of prostate cancer in China? A: The incidence of prostate cancer in China has been increasing. In 1993, the incidence rate of prostate cancer in China was 1.71 per 100,000 people per year, and the number of deaths due to prostate cancer was 1.2 per 100,000 people per year. 2. Q: Why are most of the prostate cancer cases found in China at advanced stages? A: It is mainly related to the lack of awareness and attention to prostate cancer. The current medical technology and level in China can fully detect and treat prostate cancer at an early stage. However, early prostate cancer does not have any symptoms, so it is not easy to attract people’s attention, and it is difficult to be detected if you do not go to a urologist. In developed countries, screening for prostate cancer is one of the mandatory health check-ups for middle-aged and elderly men, but this is not yet possible in China. If men over the age of 50 and men over the age of 40 who have a family history of prostate cancer are examined twice a year, most patients can be detected early. 3. Q: Why does prostate cancer occur? A: The true cause and pathogenesis of prostate cancer is not well understood. However, prostate cancer occurs in older people, and the older the age, the higher the incidence. In addition, the incidence of prostate cancer varies greatly among different races, and the high incidence among people with a family history of prostate cancer indicates that there is also a relationship with heredity. The more the standard of living, the more fat, protein and cholesterol in the diet, the higher the incidence of prostate cancer. 4.Q: Will prostatitis turn into prostate cancer? A: Prostatitis mainly occurs in young people, most of them are chronic non-bacterial prostatitis and only a few are bacterial prostatitis. The pathogenesis of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis is not clear. The pathogenesis of prostate cancer is not clear, but many facts suggest a close association with androgens. To date for this, there is no evidence that prostatitis can be transformed into prostate cancer. 5.Q: Are prostate stones related to prostate cancer? A: During health exams, ultrasound exams often report prostate stones or calcifications. It is difficult to read books about prostate stones and many careful people are often worried about prostate stones or calcification. This is especially true for the elderly, who have an enlarged prostate and stones, which is not an added problem. In fact, prostate stones are not harmful to the human body, they are located in the glandular ducts of the prostate gland and do not grow into large stones, neither do they affect urination, nor do they lead to prostate cancer. The actual prostate gland is not a big part of the body. A: Prostate enlargement is also a common disease in older men, which can cause difficulty in urination, but it is a benign disease. There is no evidence that prostate enlargement can be transformed into prostate cancer, but prostate enlargement can coexist with prostate cancer. 7. Q: Why does prostate cancer occur even after prostate enlargement surgery? A: Prostate hypertrophy occurs mainly around the urethra, while the normal prostate tissue in the peripheral area is squeezed and becomes membranous, medically known as the prostate surgical envelope. The surgery for prostate enlargement is to remove the enlarged prostate within the surgical envelope, and the surgical envelope is preserved, which means that the peripheral area of the prostate is preserved. Therefore, the surgery for prostate enlargement does not remove the entire prostate, but preserves a portion of it. The preserved portion is exactly where prostate cancer is most likely to occur. People often ask, “Why not remove the entire prostate gland to avoid the risk of prostate cancer? If all of the prostate is removed, there is a high chance of complications such as impotence after surgery, and some people may experience urinary incontinence, which can seriously affect the quality of life. It is precisely because the surgical envelope is preserved in prostate enlargement surgery that impotence and urinary incontinence hardly occur after surgery. So not only may prostate enlargement recur after surgery, the risk of prostate cancer still exists and needs to be reviewed regularly, not to be paralyzed. 8.Q: Can prostate cancer be prevented? A: A lot of progress has been made in tumor research, and a large number of tumor-related genes have been discovered, and the molecular order of these genes and their specific locations on the chromosomes have been clarified. Many factors that promote or inhibit tumor development (tumor growth factor, vascular growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, etc.) have been discovered, and some specific drugs targeting molecular targets have been developed. Some factors related to tumorigenesis have also been clarified, such as aflatoxin is related to liver cancer, smoking is related to lung and bladder cancer, and male hormones are related to prostate cancer. However, the occurrence and development of tumors is an extremely complex process involving many aspects such as intrinsic genetics, external influencing factors and the interaction of internal and external factors. The exact causes, processes and mechanisms of tumor occurrence are far from clear, so there are no practical and effective specific measures for tumor prevention. Reducing male hormones may help prevent and reduce prostate cancer, but has the side effect of causing impotence, which is impractical. Controlling the amount of protein, fat and cholesterol in the diet and increasing legumes and vegetables, especially tomatoes, may reduce the risk of prostate cancer, but this must be implemented early and adhered to as a long-term dietary habit, not an overnight, short-term problem. Therefore there is no really reliable and simple and feasible prevention for prostate cancer.