A large thyroid nodule increases the risk of malignancy, and the infiltrative growth can compress important tissues in the neck, such as the trachea, esophagus, or nerves in the neck. Thyroid nodules larger than 1 cm in diameter should be surgically removed. For nodules that have become malignant, the scope of resection should be expanded to include unilateral lobectomy or subtotal thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection. For benign nodules, they can be left untreated if they are asymptomatic, but if they have symptoms of pressure, such as affecting swallowing, breathing, pronunciation, etc., they need to be actively treated with surgery.