Cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy. In recent years, the incidence age of cervical cancer has a tendency to be younger.
I. Evolution of cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer intraepithelial neoplasia
↓
carcinoma in situ
↓
early invasive carcinoma
↓ invasive carcinoma
invasive carcinoma
What is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a group of precancerous lesions closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer; CIN is classified into grade I, II and III according to the degree of lesions, and all levels of CIN have the tendency to develop into cancer, and the higher the grade, the higher the chance of developing into cancer.
Cervical precancerous lesions can exist for many years, if they are detected and treated early at the precancerous stage, they can be well controlled and do not affect the quality of life.
Risk factors related to cervical cancer.
1.Behavioral risk factors: sexual disorders, early sex (meaning sex before the age of 18), early childbirth, close births, multiple births, smoking, oral contraceptives, low economic status, multiple sexual partners, etc.
2, biological factors: reproductive tract bacteria, viruses and chlamydia and other kinds of microbial infections. Especially viral infection: human papilloma virus (HPV), most of the cervical cancer patients have HPV infection.
3. Genetic susceptibility factors.
What can be done to prevent cervical cancer?
Staying away from risk factors and regular gynecological examination are important means for early detection and early treatment.
1. Have a healthy life and sexual awareness, and avoid risk factors such as sexual disorders and multiple sexual partners.
2.Early cervical cancer often has no obvious discomfort symptoms, and the appearance of the cervix may not be abnormal during gynecological examination, which may lead to missed diagnosis. Women who have sex should have regular screening tests for cervical cancer, such as thin layer liquid-based cytology, high-risk HPV-DNA test, colposcopy, and cervical and cervical canal biopsy if necessary.
High-risk type of HPV infection is closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer. However, women infected with high-risk type HPV do not necessarily have clinical symptoms and this virus requires special testing methods to detect it.
3. Women with cervical lesions should consult a specialist at a regular medical institution to choose the appropriate treatment.
5. Please be alert and go to hospital for further examination when you have the following symptoms.
1.Vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse or after gynecological examination.
2.Irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause.
3.Increased vaginal discharge, white or blood-colored, thin like water or flesh-washing water, or with fishy odor.
4.Some women show menstrual changes, such as symptoms of incomplete menstruation, shortened menstrual cycle and increased menstrual volume.