In our clinical work, we often see the phenomenon that patients with the same advanced lung cancer have very different treatment outcomes. In the past, we clinicians could not explain the phenomenon that some relatively young patients with relatively good quality-of-life scores did not have good results after hard treatment. In recent years, when we were developing a treatment plan for a patient in need of treatment, we often had a prayer in our mind: I hope I can see results for this patient, I hope this patient is not in the category of “accompanying treatment”, because at this point we already know the “individual differences I hope this patient is not among the “companions” because by this time we already know the “individual differences”. In recent years, with the continuous progress of medicine, the genomic era of oncology research has arrived, which brings challenges and opportunities to every clinician, who seems to see the essence of tumor formation. As George Sledge, president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), said in a statement, “The genome of tumor formation is a very important part of the medical process. As Professor George Sledge, President of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), said in his speech at this year’s ASCO Congress, large-scale genetic sequencing will soon change our understanding of tumor biology, reveal new therapeutic targets for previously difficult diseases, and help solve the mystery of drug resistance. He even envisioned how, within a few years from now, a patient would walk into a clinic and hand the physician a Memory Stick containing gigabytes of personal genomic data! Since the era of molecular targeting, individualized therapy has become extremely important, and individualized therapy is a highlight that differs from group therapy. Individualized treatment is a highlight that differs from group therapy. For each patient, treatment is individualized according to the patient’s genetic mutation or behavioral changes in vital science. When treating a patient, regardless of whether a targeted or chemotherapeutic drug is chosen, it is important to consider whether the patient has a genetic mutation, how sensitive he or she is to certain enzymes, and so on. Whether all patients are suitable for individualized treatment depends on further genetic unraveling, understanding the genetic profile of each patient, polymorphisms, etc. Molecular targeted therapy is a completely different therapy from chemotherapy. We now realize that the development of tumor is a transduction pathway, where signals are transmitted to cells or DNA, and the cells will keep multiplying, resulting in tumor production. There are many enzymes and many conduction nodes in this conduction pathway, and this point is the target of molecular targeting. As long as a certain point can be blocked, the disorderly and chaotic conduction will be broken, and then the tumor may stop growing. Molecularly targeted drugs interrupt the conduction pathway by intervening, replacing or closing the enzymes or nodes in the conduction pathway. At present, the research on tumor drugs is also advancing rapidly, especially after the rise of molecular targeted therapy, many drug research focuses on molecular targeted therapy, because it is a very efficient and individualized treatment method. This year and next year, some molecular targeted therapy drugs will be released one after another. On the contrary, the research and development of chemotherapy drugs has lagged behind recently, but whether molecular targeted therapy drugs will replace chemotherapy drugs remains to be further studied. The combination of molecular targeted therapy and chemotherapy is also a hot topic at present, because the mechanism of action of the two is different, the former is targeting the conduction pathway, the latter is acting directly on DNA.