The mechanism of infertility caused by varicocele is as follows: ① Blood retention in varicose veins causes the local temperature of testes to increase and affects spermatogenesis. (2) Blood retention affects the blood circulation of the testes, causing the testes to lack the necessary nutrients and oxygen supply, which affects the spermatogenesis of the testes. ③The blood reflux of the internal spermatic cord vein causes the endocrine products of the adrenal glands and kidneys such as steroids and catecholamines to enter the testes with the refluxed venous blood, which affects the testicular spermatogenesis. ④ Varicocele causes pathological changes in the testis, which can lead to primary testicular hypofunction, interstitial edema of testicular tissue with microcirculatory disorders, thickening of the basement membrane of the varicocele, resulting in mid- to late-stage spermatogenic process disorders and hypoxic degeneration of the supporting cells. Support cells are the main material basis of the blood-testis barrier, and damage to the blood-testis barrier triggers an autoimmune response, producing anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb) and causing immune-mediated damage. ⑤ Electron microscopic findings confirm that spermatocytes in patients with varicocele have impaired maturation, structural abnormalities, dilated, destroyed or shrunken acrosomes, vacuoles within the sperm head, and reduced acrosome integrity. Although the latest WHO infertility guidelines give varicocele infertility a high priority, domestic clinical studies have shown that infertility occurs in only about 20-40% of varicocele patients, and it is difficult to predict which varicocele patients will become infertile or whether postoperative fertility can actually improve in infertile patients with combined varicocele. In patients with early varicocele, it is also questionable whether spermatic venous reflux is improved after high ligation. In view of the fact that the development of varicocele is a slow process, not all patients will gradually develop to degree III and become infertile, and all of them will require surgery, so we can observe the early cases to avoid excessive medical treatment, and we do not advocate the practice of high ligation as long as varicocele is performed. A large number of clinical studies have shown that Chinese medicine has better efficacy on varicocele infertility, and animal experiments have also confirmed that Chinese medicine can significantly upregulate the expression of the apoptosis gene Bcl-2 protein in prostate tissue of varicocele infertility rats, downregulate the expression of the pro-apoptosis genes Fas and FasL protein in prostate tissue, inhibit testicular spermatogenic cell apoptosis; reduce testicular tissue malondialdehyde and nitric oxide content, increase testicular It also decreased the testicular malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, increased the testicular superoxide dismutase content, increased the plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin/thromboxane B2 ratio, and repaired the testicular histopathological damage, thus improving the semen quality and fertility of the model rats.