A case of microscopic varicocele surgery. The patient complained of bilateral scrotal pain with intermittent swelling and pain without obvious precipitating factors, which was treated with oral medication one month ago. He was treated with oral medication, but the effect was not good and the symptoms gradually worsened. On examination, multiple tortuous strips and tubular structures were seen in the left and right spermatic veins in the region of travel, with anechoic structures, about 2.5 mm and 2.9 mm wide respectively. The size and shape of both testes were as normal, the parenchymal echogenicity was uniform, and no occupying lesions were seen. The size and shape of bilateral epididymis were normal, and no occupying lesions were observed. There was no abnormal fluid in the sphincter cavity, and the patient was admitted for microscopic varicocele surgery. The incision of microsurgery is usually located at the root of the scrotum and is about 1.5 cm in length, which is the smallest incision among all surgical methods. The surgery takes about 1 hour, and you can eat and drink normally, get out of bed with light activity about 3 hours after the surgery, and be discharged from the hospital on the second day after the surgery. The hospitalization and postoperative recovery time of microscopic varicocele surgery is also the fastest among all surgical methods, and the microscopic varicocele surgery is significantly better than other methods in terms of postoperative complication rate and comprehensive assessment of semen parameter improvement and conception rate, as well as postoperative recurrence rate. 1.Minimally invasive: the surgical incision is only 2-4cm, and the spermatic cord can be seen by cutting the skin and fatty tissue during the surgery, so the surgery is less traumatic and the postoperative pain is greatly reduced. 2, hidden incision: the surgical incision is located under the external inguinal ring, that is, the pubic hair distribution area, after recovery, pubic hair cover the wound, not easy to be found. 3.Low complications: Only the veins are ligated under the microscope, and the arteries, lymphatic vessels and vas deferens are preserved, which significantly reduces the occurrence of complications such as testicular syringomyelia and testicular atrophy. 4.Low recurrence rate: The internal spermatic vein, external spermatic vein, vas deferens vein and testicular lead vein are thoroughly ligated during the operation without any leakage, and there is no leakage, so the recurrence rate after the operation is low. 5.Improved semen quality and high pregnancy rate:70% of patients will have improved semen quality one year after surgery, and 32% of patients can conceive successfully naturally.