Many tissues and organs in the oral cavity are very important to maintain the functions of chewing, swallowing and speech of human beings, and once a tumor occurs, the removal will inevitably seriously affect the above-mentioned functions of patients. At the same time, the tissue loss in the oral cavity can sometimes cause serious deformation, which affects the social and psychological aspects of patients. In recent decades, the incidence of oral cancer is gradually becoming younger, so in addition to improving the surgical cure rate, the postoperative shape and function recovery should also be considered. In the past two decades, prosthetic and reconstructive surgical techniques have developed rapidly and are widely used in the repair of defects after oral cancer resection. Different types of tissues from different parts of the body can be used to repair defects of different sizes after tumor resection by means of tipped or free flaps, which can repair the missing muscles, skin and other soft tissues as well as reconstruct the resected jaw bone tissue. This restores the patient’s appearance and basic functions to the greatest extent and greatly improves the patient’s quality of life after surgery, which is one of the important advances in the treatment of oral cancer in recent years.