The main risk factors for diabetic foot are neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and infection. Understanding these risk factors can help to properly diagnose and treat diabetic foot. 1, neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes, more than 2/3 of diabetic patients will have the lesion, and 80% to 85% of diabetic foot patients have neuropathy. The lesions are most common in the peripheral nerves and are usually symmetrical, more severe in the lower extremities than in the upper extremities, and can lead to impairment of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions. Impaired sensation makes patients lose their self-protection mechanism and vulnerable to external injury, and it is also difficult to detect early and seek timely diagnosis when foot lesions appear. Motor neuropathy can cause impaired proprioception, atrophy of the foot muscles, loss of balance between muscles, and thus destruction of the normal structure of the foot, making it easy to form abnormal stress points when the foot is stressed, and eventually leading to the formation of ulcers. Autonomic neuropathy makes the skin dry and easily chapped, creating conditions for the invasion of bacteria. 2, peripheral vascular lesions. The chance of peripheral vasculopathy is 4 times higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients, and it starts early, progresses quickly and is more serious, it increases with the age of the patient and the course of the disease. The severity of the vascular lesion is a major factor in determining whether the wound will heal and whether amputation is required and the level of amputation. The lesions tend to involve the distal limb extensively, especially below the knee. Vascular lesions prevent tissues from receiving sufficient oxygen and nutrients, and from discharging metabolic waste in a timely manner, so that therapeutic drugs cannot effectively reach the lesion site. 3.Infection. Diabetic patients not only have abnormal sugar metabolism, but also have impaired white blood cell function and cellular immunity. Due to the existence of neuropathy and peripheral vascular lesions, a small trauma can cause microbial invasion and infection, and the infection is easy to spread. Infections can be superficial or widespread and deep. Studies have shown that 85% of low level amputations in diabetic patients are due to severe foot infections. And, compared to non-diabetic patients, the treatment time for diabetic patients will be much longer for the same foot infection. 4. Other risk factors. Foot deformity, smoking, overweight, lack of patient education and other factors are all related to the occurrence and development of diabetic foot.