Varicocele is an enlargement of the scrotum due to abnormal elongation, dilatation and tortuosity of the trapezius plexus in the spermatic cord, resulting in a large number of abnormally dilated and curved vascular masses in the scrotum, mostly seen in young adults. The incidence is about 10-15% of the male population. The main clinical manifestations are scrotal swelling and vague pain on the affected side, which is aggravated by walking or standing for a long time and can be relieved by lying down and resting. Usually, at home, careful parents may occasionally observe asymmetry of the child’s scrotum, or the child may have a feeling of scrotal drop or testicular pain, and most of them are found during routine physical examination or military recruitment examination. Spermatic veins, mainly seen on the left side, adversely affect the male testes due to blood stagnation, tissue hypoxia, and difficulty in expelling metabolic waste, resulting in slow or stopped testicular development, and are now one of the most common causes of male infertility that have been identified. Adolescent patients with varicocele have not yet faced fertility problems, and whether treatment is needed to prevent possible future infertility problems depends on the severity of the disease, testicular development and semen analysis results. Early treatment is recommended for patients with severe symptoms of varicocele, combined with testicular atrophy on the affected side, significant bilateral varicocele, older age and abnormal semen examination. The main treatment modality is surgery, and currently the commonly used surgical methods include transiliac fossa spermatic vein high ligation, laparoscopic varicocele, and microscopic varicocele. Microscopic varicocele surgery can clearly show the testicular artery, vein, internal spermatic vein, sphincter ligament and endospermic lymphatic vessels under the magnified view of microscope, and simply ligate the varicose internal spermatic vein, levator muscle vein and external spermatic vein, and keep the testicular artery and lymphatic vessels intact. It is the gold standard of surgical treatment at present.