Key projects: 1. Thoracoscopic pulmonary alveolar resection for spontaneous pneumothorax. 2. Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy and pleural cavity atresia for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural effusion. 3. Thoracoscopic lung biopsy for diagnosis of pulmonary nodular lesions and diffuse interstitial lung lesions. Song Fujie, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Coal General Hospital 4. Thoracoscopic lung wedge resection for benign lung tumor. 5. Thoracoscopic assisted small incision lobectomy for early lung cancer. 6.Thoracoscopic mediastinal tumor biopsy and resection. 7. Thoracoscopic lower esophagus and cardia myotomy for cardia achalasia. 8. Thoracoscopic early esophageal cancer resection. 9. Thoracoscopic coagulation hemothorax removal, lung laceration repair. 10. Thoracoscopic-assisted minimally invasive treatment of multiple rib fractures (conjoined thorax). Diagnostic indications: (1) Pleural lesions: pleural mesothelioma, pleural metastases, pleural effusion, pleural tuberculosis, etc. (2) Lung diseases: diffuse lung lesions, isolated pulmonary nodules, etc. (3) Mediastinal lesions: malignant lymphoma, mediastinal tumor, lymphatic tuberculosis, nodular disease, etc. (4) Pericardial diseases: pericardial effusion, pericardial tamponade, pericardial tumor, etc. (5) Thoracic trauma: hemothorax, pneumothorax, lung laceration, rib fracture, bronchial rupture, esophageal rupture, diaphragmatic rupture, etc. Indications for treatment: (1) Pleural diseases: malignant pleural effusion, acute abscess chest, limited pleural mesothelioma, pleural metastases, pleural tuberculosis, etc. (2) Lung diseases: spontaneous pneumothorax, isolated lung metastatic tumor, benign lung tumor, early lung cancer, etc. (3) Mediastinal lesions: benign mediastinal tumors such as thymoma, neurogenic tumors, teratoma, etc. (4) Esophageal diseases: esophageal smooth muscle tumor, cardia incontinentia, early esophageal cancer, etc. (5) Thoracic trauma: hemothorax, lung laceration repair, diaphragm rupture, esophageal rupture, thoracic duct injury, etc.