1. What is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction? Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a chronic, diffuse abnormality of the meibomian gland. It manifests as obstruction of the lid gland orifice and changes in the substance or amount of lid gland secretion. Clinically, it causes abnormalities of the tear film, symptoms of ocular irritation, inflammatory reactions, and ocular surface disease. 2. What is the relationship between lid gland dysfunction and dry eye? The main function of the lid gland is to secrete the lipid layer of the tear film, which primarily functions to prevent tears from evaporating too quickly. If the lid gland becomes dysfunctional, the tear film becomes less stable and leads to dry eye. The latest domestic trial data shows that over 87.6% of dry eye patients have lid gland dysfunction. 3. What are the main clinical manifestations of lid gland dysfunction? The clinical manifestations of lid gland dysfunction are similar to those of dry eye and include a foreign body sensation, itching, burning, and eczema-like changes around the eyelids. 4. What are the main risk factors for lid gland dysfunction? The main risk factors that have been identified are blepharitis, dry eye, mite infection, corneal contact lenses, dry environment, air pollution, postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, antidepressants, antihistamines, retinoids, sex hormone deficiency, dry syndrome, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, BPH, psoriasis, etc. 5. What are the main pathological changes in blepharoplasty dysfunction? The main pathologic changes in lid gland dysfunction are twofold: first, changes in the lipid profile of the lid gland secretion; and second, changes in the lid margin and the opening of the lid gland. 6. What is the physiotherapy for MGD? For patients with MGD, physical therapy is very important. Unblocking the lid gland for normal drainage is the key to the treatment of lid gland dysfunction. There are three main steps to physical therapy: heat, massage and cleansing. Detailed procedures for physical therapy for blepharoplasty dysfunction are available for consultation at our clinic.