Epididymitis is a more common disease in young and middle-aged men, caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus or Streptococcus entering the epididymis retrograde via the vas deferens. Clinically, there are two major types of epididymitis: acute epididymitis and chronic epididymitis. Acute epididymitis has an acute onset and is characterized by discomfort and swelling of the affected scrotum, severe local pain, even affecting movement, and pain radiating to the ipsilateral groin area and lower abdomen, accompanied by general discomfort and high fever. Physical examination: the affected side of the epididymis is swollen and painful to the touch is obvious. In case of severe inflammation, the testicles may be affected and the scrotal skin may become red and swollen. Chronic epididymitis is more common than acute epididymitis, and some patients are not cured in the acute stage and become chronic. Most patients do not have a history of acute attacks but often have chronic prostatitis. The clinical manifestations of the disease are diverse. There may be scrotal pain and swelling, and the pain may radiate to the lower abdomen and the inner side of the ipsilateral thigh. The epididymis may be mildly enlarged, hardened and nodular on examination, with localized light pressure pain and thickening of the ipsilateral ureter. Clinical treatment is based on anti-inflammatory and local treatment. Acute epididymitis advocates patients to rest in bed and hold up the scrotum to reduce pain. In the early stage, an ice pack can be placed at the epididymis to prevent swelling. In the late stage, hot compresses can be used to promote local blood flow and accelerate inflammation subsidence. Because it is an infection, anti-infection treatment should be carried out. Clinically, broad-spectrum antibiotics and antibiotics with better effect on gram-negative bacteria are mostly used. For systemic symptoms such as pain and fever, symptomatic treatment with antipyretic and analgesic drugs should be applied. Acute symptoms gradually disappear in about 1~2 weeks, but it takes 4 weeks or more for the epididymis to return to normal size and texture, and complications are not common. Chronic cases will depend on the specific situation. Generally speaking, the prognosis is good. After epididymitis is cured, sometimes nodules are left on the epididymis, which are usually difficult to absorb. If there is no pain, treatment is usually not necessary.