Congenital spina bifida includes a group of disorders that are manifested by various abnormalities during the development of the spinal canal in children, also known as “spina bifida” and “occult spina bifida”, which are congenital malformations of the spinal axis. The most common form is spondylolisthesis and laminar agenesis, with the spinal canal opening dorsally, most commonly in the sacrococcygeal region, followed by the cervical segment, and less frequently in other areas. The lesion may involve one or more vertebrae. Spina bifida is often associated with abnormal spinal cord and spinal nerve development or other deformities, and rarely with craniosynostosis. A small number of patients may develop enuresis and urinary incontinence into adulthood. In some newborn infants, there is a bulging sac in the lumbar region with a thin wall that can transmit light. When the infant cries, the tension of the sac increases, and if it breaks, it is easily infected and causes meningitis. This type is due to the spinal femur from the spinal fissure caused by the expansion, called “spinal bulge”, or “cystic spina bifida”. If the spinal canal of the spinal cord, nerve tissue is also bulging, called “spinal cord spinal membrane bulge”, can produce weakness in both lower limbs, muscle atrophy, children walk later, but gait limp, dull sensation or numbness of the skin of the buttocks and the back of the thigh, the soles of the feet and buttocks can occur ulcers, urinary and fecal control, adults have impotence and other symptoms. In a few patients, a section of the spinal cord may be completely exposed to the fissure, and some may have a thin layer of fibrous membrane covering the surface. This type is called “exposed spinal cord” and has more severe symptoms and is prone to infection, with a very poor prognosis. Patients with spina bifida often have congenital abnormalities in other parts of the body, such as clubfoot, clubfoot, bowed feet, congenital hydrocephalus, and scoliosis. Spina bifida often involves the 5th lumbar and 1st sacral vertebrae. The skin of the lesion area may be normal, but there may also be hyperpigmentation, capillary hemangioma, skin depression, and localized hypertrichosis. In infants and children, there are no obvious symptoms. If there is a congenital malformation in the vertebral cavity, the spinal cord is abnormally stretched during the gradual growth of childhood to produce the manifestation of spinal cord embolism syndrome. Those with occult spina bifida that do not produce clinical symptoms do not require treatment. There are clinical symptoms of occult spina bifida, spinal membrane bulge and spinal cord spondylolisthesis need surgery, the earlier the surgery, the better the outcome. Before surgery, the bulge should be protected to prevent rupture, if inadvertent rupture should be immediately sent to the hospital for emergency treatment to avoid infection caused by meningitis. Early recognition of the disease but with the development of the body and early treatment is the key to cure the disease. Children with spina bifida combined with spinal cord tethering are generally asymptomatic in childhood, and the tethered spinal cord is stretched, resulting in corresponding symptoms. Studies have shown that only about 45% of patients recover from motor dysfunction, such as weakness and numbness of the limbs, and only 12% of patients recover from urinary incontinence once it occurs. Therefore, once spinal cord tethering is detected, it should be treated surgically regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Families of patients should recognize at birth that posterior back masses, vascular nevi, skin depressions and hairiness are not the surface of the phenomenon and that there may be congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord in the spinal canal. They should be examined early and operated on nearly as early as possible, and should not be rushed into surgery after the onset of obvious symptoms, which may be regretted for the rest of their lives.