Diamonds are nature’s most magnificent treasures. They are pure, flawless, crystal-clear, and a delight to behold. But there are some stones that are intimidating and painful. They are the urinary stones that grow in the human body. When stones appear anywhere in the urinary system, they cause painful urinary tract obstruction, and the folk saying “big dog bites, small dog barks” fully reflects the danger of stones. The “big dog bite” is comparable to fighting stones that damage kidney tissues and their functions, and can lead to pyelonephritis, and long-term chronic stimulation may also induce uroepithelial cancer. “Puppy barking” is compared to small stones caused by renal colic, the pain is intense during the attack, which can last for a few minutes or tens of minutes, or even hours, the patient suffering, moaning incessantly. Urological stones are one of the common diseases in urology and rank first among urological inpatients. The incidence of urinary stones in China is 1-5%, and in the south it is as high as 5-10%. The annual incidence of new cases is about 150-200/100,000 people, of which 25% of patients need hospitalization. In recent years, the incidence of urinary stones in China has increased, and is one of the three most prevalent stones in the world, and kidney stones account for more than 80% of patients with urinary stones. With the development of minimally invasive medical technology, 98% of stones can be effectively treated. These include extracorporeal impact lithotripsy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of upper urinary tract stones, and it has been widely used as a routine technique to treat large and complex stones. Since percutaneous nephrolithotomy is called “keyhole” surgery, it is also known as “perforated stone extraction”, in which a perforating needle is used to enter the kidney from the back, and the stones are broken and removed through small holes using nephrolithoscopes and lithotripsy equipment (ultrasound, pneumatic ballistics, laser, etc.) with minimal trauma. It is significantly better than the open surgical route in terms of complications, recovery time and cost. Therefore, it is now commonly used instead of open surgery for the treatment of kidney stones and upper ureteral stones in most cases. The traditional open approach, which requires a 10-20 cm incision and dissection of the kidney or renal parenchyma to remove the stone, is more invasive.