Clinical manifestations when hypoglycemia occurs ① Autonomic hyperexcitability symptoms: When hypoglycemia occurs, sympathetic nerves and adrenal medulla may release a large amount of adrenaline, which can be manifested clinically as sweating, trembling, palpitations, accelerated heart rate, nervousness and anxiety, weakness, pallor, mild increase in systolic blood pressure, hunger, salivation, limb tremor, etc. ②Neural glucose deficiency symptoms: brain dysfunction may appear, manifested as: mental incompetence, dizziness, blurred vision, slow thinking, unsteady gait, hallucinations, agitation, bizarre behavior, dance-like movements, increased muscle tone, spasms, coma, and even death. (3) The symptoms of hypoglycemia can be completely different in each individual, but the symptoms of hypoglycemia can be basically similar in the same individual. As the disease progresses, hypoglycemic episodes may occur frequently, and the longer the duration, the more severe the brain dysfunction. If the person fails to detect the warning symptoms of autonomic nerves and quickly enters into coma or convulsions, it will become undetected hypoglycemia and delay the diagnosis and treatment, which will have serious consequences and even endanger the life. Hypoglycemia can cause damage to brain cells, because the energy metabolism of brain tissue all depends on glucose in the blood for energy supply, and the glucose stored in the brain tissue is very limited, only enough to maintain the function of brain cells for 5-10 minutes, therefore, when hypoglycemia occurs, the glucose in the blood decreases, of course, the glucose into the brain tissue also decreases, and the brain tissue is very easy to be damaged in this situation. If the hypoglycemic coma lasts for more than 6 hours, the brain cells will be seriously injured, which can lead to dementia and even death, and the brain tissue cannot be restored to normal even after treatment. Hypoglycemia will also affect the function of the heart and lead to arrhythmia, angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction. Third, the diagnosis of hypoglycemia appears, and the blood sugar is lower than 2.8 mmol/L at the time of attack, and the hypoglycemic symptoms are rapidly relieved after sugar supply. This is the typical performance of hypoglycemia can confirm the diagnosis. When there are symptoms of hypoglycemia such as sweating, panic, weakness, hunger, etc., you should eat “sugar” or eat immediately, or drink a glass of Sprite, cola, juice and other sugary drinks, or eat a few pieces of fruit sugar, milk sugar, chocolate, or eat a spoonful of honey or jam. However, it must be noted that low-calorie drinks or sweetened foods should not be used to treat hypoglycemia. If the symptoms do not improve after taking sugar for 5 minutes, eat more sugar immediately. if there is still no improvement within 10 minutes, do not hesitate to take the patient to the hospital immediately for resuscitation. When the patient is in coma, do not eat through the mouth to avoid suffocation. Prevention of hypoglycemia (1) Eat regular and quantitative meals, and reduce the dose of drugs if the amount of meals is reduced. (2) Alcohol intake should be strictly limited, and alcohol should never be consumed on an empty stomach. (3) If hypoglycemia occurs frequently, keep records and ask the doctor about the possible causes and solutions. (4) Exercise reasonably, and you should also increase carbohydrate intake appropriately before exercising. Do not exercise on an empty stomach, and exercise 1-2 hours after meals, because blood sugar levels are higher at this time and hypoglycemia is less likely to occur. If possible, you can use a blood glucose meter to measure your blood glucose level before exercise so that you can choose the appropriate form and amount of exercise according to your blood glucose level. (5) Reduce the dose of glucose-lowering medication before exercise, and also eat something to replenish energy during exercise. (6) Avoid injecting insulin into your arms and thighs before exercise, because exercise will increase blood flow in these two areas, which will speed up insulin absorption and cause your blood sugar level to drop quickly. If you have hypoglycemia during exercise, please don’t panic, stop exercising immediately, lie down and rest, and replenish some sugary drinks and food as soon as possible, if you don’t have food, ask others for help, and ask them to contact your family according to the contact information on the “first aid card”. (7) What should I do if hypoglycemia occurs at night? If the patient is still able to eat at this time, give him some candy or sugar water and check his blood sugar quickly. Monitor blood glucose on time, apply hypoglycemic drugs reasonably, and make blood glucose reach the standard safely, so as to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients.