Cervical cancer is one of the common gynecological malignant tumors, with the second highest incidence rate among female malignant tumors, second only to breast cancer. About 30,000 women die from cervical cancer in China every year. Studies have found that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the culprit of cervical cancer, and 99.7% of cervical cancers can be detected with high-risk HPV
HPV infection is necessary for the development of cervical cancer, as HPV-negative individuals almost never develop cervical cancer. There are 118 types of HPV, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has officially recognized 13 high-risk HPV types associated with cervical cancer: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66. cervical cancer is trending younger, probably related to premature sexual behavior, and survey data show that the current age of sexual maturity of adolescents in China is generally 4 years earlier than that of the 1970s. Among young people aged 21, 79% have had premarital sex, and in rural areas, more than 80% have had premarital sex, showing a trend of underage sex. Relevant medical experts suggest that women who have had sex for more than three years or have sexual intercourse over 21 years old should start regular screening for cervical cancer. Women who marry early and have children, have a history of abortion, a history of sexually transmitted diseases, and have multiple sexual partners are all at high risk of cervical cancer. Some data show that the risk of cervical cancer for women with multiple sexual partners is more than 2 to 3 times higher than those with only one sexual partner. The risk of cervical cancer after the age of 65 is extremely low, so cervical cancer screening is generally not recommended for women over 65 years old. Breakthroughs in cervical cancer prevention research have been made in recent years: 1. It is clear that high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of cervical cancer; 2. The new technology of thin-layer liquid-based cytology and detection of HPVDNA (hybridization capture test) significantly improves the sensitivity of identifying high cervical lesions, greatly reduces false negatives, and over 98% of early-stage patients can be detected by reasonable use of screening methods; 3. HPV preventive vaccine clinical application. At present, the rapid screening technology for cervical cancer has been successfully tested in China, and the cervical cancer test will soon be simplified into a piece of test paper, and the test subject will know whether he/she is infected with HPV virus within a few minutes. HPV and TCT tests for cervical cancer have been carried out at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University since 2003 and have been completed for tens of thousands of people.
The tests have detected and treated precancerous lesions in time, effectively preventing the occurrence of cervical cancer.