Half a century ago, it was recognized that renal failure requires a restricted diet, and a low-protein diet became a well-known truth, with many restrictions on the choice of food, emphasizing meat and less protein-rich plants such as beans. When patients were hospitalized, they were frowned upon when they saw the caterer, and they were controlled by their families at home, so they could not eat this and that, and they could not drink some soy milk, and any soy products disappeared from the recipes. In order to meet the doctor’s requirements for a high quality, low protein diet, before the development of uremic poisoning, has formed anorexia due to monotonous recipes, because the loss of the pleasure of food and decadence. As the days went by, they became thinner and thinner, and their faces became emaciated and their bodies became thin, making it difficult to support them. Although the medical profession proposed nutritional therapy in the early 1980s, based on a low-protein diet, coupled with oral supplementation of essential amino acids or alpha-keto acid (kidney spirit), nutrition has been further improved, but due to restrictions on the type of food, most of our patients’ mood and appetite have not improved much, probably because of the more resistant dietary habits of our people. It is after receiving dialysis, has relaxed the amount of dietary protein restrictions, especially peritoneal dialysis patients, but also encourage them to eat more, still because they are afraid to eat legume protein and feel monotonous, not satisfied. Modern research has concluded that nutritional therapy must be adhered to in kidney failure, especially during the period after the decline of kidney function and before receiving dialysis treatment is even more important. Because reasonable nutritional therapy can ensure the body’s nutritional needs, but also to reduce the discomfort of uremia, and more importantly, to slow down the development of kidney failure. There are facts to prove it. A reasonable diet can reduce the burden on the residual kidney unit (kidney tissue not yet destroyed by nephropathy), which slows down the rate of injury; and can reduce urinary protein (more protein discharge in the urine will induce the production of harmful substances in the kidney, which in turn harm the residual kidney unit), protect the kidneys and reduce the degree of nephrosclerosis, so it does not kill two birds with one stone? Therefore, kidney failure is more important to talk about drinking and eating, and is a key treatment measure when kidney failure is not on dialysis. How can we achieve reasonable nutritional treatment? There have been very significant changes in recent years. There are several main approaches, some of which are regulated by doctors, but how much can be eaten in nutritional therapy? What can be eaten? It is the core and most controversial issue, and it is the issue that people with kidney failure must know when they talk about drinking and eating, so I will talk about it as follows. (1) Protein intake smart arrangement: after the patient’s renal failure, excessive restriction of protein intake will bring malnutrition, eat more and fear of kidney injury, quite difficult. After the medical community’s research, to people set a basic calculation, in order to protect the needs of the general kidney disease, at least 0.6 to 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, if the weight of 50 kg people, should eat 30 to 40 grams of protein per day; after the decline in kidney function, and with the degree of decline and decreasing, for example, just into the early stage of renal insufficiency, blood creatinine 221 micromol/liter (that is, the old unit 2.5 mg/dL), then start a low-protein diet, 0.7 to 0.9 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, when creatinine exceeds 44.2 micromol/liter, then reduced to 0.6 to 0.7 grams, if the patient is diabetic nephropathy, and should be slightly relaxed, in non-diabetic kidney failure patients on the basis of an increase of 0.05 to 0.2 grams per kilogram of body weight. Some people will ask: eat a few dozen grams of protein a day, about the equivalent of one or two, will not starve people to death? Nutritional calculation of protein is not based on the total weight of food as a standard, because in addition to protein in food, there is a considerable amount of water, fiber, fat, starch and other substances, from the food composition table can be found in the amount of protein contained in food, for example, 100 grams of the following food protein content grams are: lean pork 16.7, beef 20, chicken 23, grass carp 17.9, an egg 5, soybean 36, rice 2.5, rice 2.5, soybean 36, rice 2.5. Soybean 36, rice 2.6, noodles 7.4, flour 9.9, potatoes 1.9, pumpkin 0.5, etc., the amount of protein eaten every day calculated in this way, plus a reasonable mix of each species, you can definitely eat enough. (2) food varieties with a new concept: the consistent concept of treatment of kidney failure is to place great emphasis on eating high quality protein, that is, as far as possible, choose animal meat, not eat or eat less vegetable protein, so it has produced the legend of avoid eating soy, some people say: rather eat an egg, better than a bowl of rice. Due to the formation of this concept, many patients do not get enough calories and wasting; recipe restrictions and anorexia, and even therefore lose the pleasure of life, not achieve the purpose of treatment. In recent years, research has found that plant protein may have the effect of reducing the high load in the kidney, and animal experiments have also proved that it can reduce proteinuria, thus reducing a series of damage to the kidney from proteinuria, which is beneficial to the protection of the kidney. Since then, the case for protein-rich soybeans has been overturned, and the news was told to kidney failure patients, and they all clapped their hands and applauded. It is not the same as going to the other extreme of the old concept. In recent years, it is advocated to ensure sufficient animal protein in the recipes first, about 50% to 60% of the total protein, and if the combination of essential amino acids or alpha-keto acid therapy is applied, there is no need to restrict both animal and vegetable proteins, so that the patient can freely choose the recipes, which will naturally bring more pleasure to life.