Infection after ventriculo-abdominal shunt is a troubling and serious complication, and minimizing the infection rate is a common wish of neurosurgeons and patients. Preoperative intravenous antibiotics, double gloves and strict asepsis during surgery, and avoidance of cerebrospinal fluid leaks still make it difficult to stop postoperative infections. Before the control of antimicrobials by the Ministry of Health in 2012, our hydrocephalus infection rate was 3-10%. We used antimicrobials for a long time, and after antimicrobial use governance we used them only once preoperatively for adult patients, and no antimicrobials were used for nearly a year. No infections occurred in adults. It was found that local application of antibiotic powder in heart, spinal cord, and DBS procedures to prevent and control infection has been very successful. Local application of antibiotic bacillus peptide powder has been used to prevent postoperative infections in children undergoing ventriculo-abdominal shunts. The results showed that 47 out of 539 children (8.7%) had postoperative infections, of which 13% were in the group without topical bacteriophage powder and only 1% in the group with topical bacteriophage powder. 30 infected children had positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures (64%), 18 of which were staphylococci. Topical application of bacteriophage powder was strongly associated with a low rate of postoperative infections. It was confirmed that the topical use of bacillus peptide powder was an independent influencing factor in reducing the rate of postoperative infections. Moreover, no complications such as allergy and wound dehiscence occurred in any of the children with topical bacillus peptide powder. The results of the study suggest that topical application of antibiotic bacillus peptide powder before scalp incision suturing is effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative infection after ventriculo-abdominal shunt.