What are the causes of osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a chronic disease caused by multiple factors, manifested by an increased brittleness of the bone and therefore a much higher risk of fracture, usually without specific symptoms until the fracture occurs. The specific cause of osteoporosis has not been fully clarified, but it is generally believed to be related to the following factors: 1. Endocrine factors Female patients suffer from osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency, while male patients suffer from osteoporosis due to decreased testosterone levels. Osteomalacia is particularly common in postmenopausal women, and premature ovarian failure causes osteoporosis to appear earlier, suggesting that estrogen reduction is an important factor in the occurrence of osteoporosis. 2, genetic and environmental factors osteoporosis is common in whites, especially in northern Europeans, followed by Asians, while it is rare in blacks. 3, nutritional factors Low-calcium diet is prone to osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency leads to impaired mineralization of bone matrix, also prone to osteoporosis. 4, disuse factors The elderly reduce activity, muscle strength, mechanical stimulation, less bone mass, while the weakening of muscle strength and coordination disorders make the elderly more prone to falls, accompanied by a reduction in bone mass is prone to fractures, the elderly stroke and other diseases after long-term bedridden, more prone to osteoporosis. 5.Drugs and diseases Anticonvulsants, such as sodium phenytoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine, cause treatment-related vitamin D deficiency and impaired intestinal calcium absorption, and glucocorticoids directly inhibit bone formation, reduce intestinal absorption of calcium and increase renal excretion of calcium. 6, other factors Alcohol abuse has a direct toxic effect on bone, smoking can increase the metabolism of estrogen by the liver and the direct effect on bone. Secondary osteoporosis may also be caused by a variety of diseases such as diabetes, hyperparathyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, hypogonadism, hyperthyroidism, pituitary lactinoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, dry syndrome, leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, etc. What should patients with osteoporosis pay attention to on a daily basis? 1. Eat more calcium-rich foods: milk is the best, followed by cheese and yogurt, etc. 2, quit smoking and limit alcohol: the effect of smoking on bone quality may be related to the nicotine in tobacco, alcohol causes osteoporosis for a variety of reasons, mainly related to the inhibition of osteoblast function, affecting the secretion of sex hormones, interference with vitamin metabolism and parathyroid hormone secretion. 3, more sunshine: the fat under the skin in the role of ultraviolet sunlight synthesis of vitamin D, can promote the absorption of calcium in the intestine. 4, strengthen exercise: exercise can help bone reconstruction, load exercise can increase bone mass, can prevent bone loss, can also improve muscle and increase flexibility, thus reducing fractures after a fall. 5, less coffee and strong tea: too much coffee intake can cause a reduction in bone mass, drink large amounts of strong tea, which will increase urinary calcium excretion, but also cause difficulty in absorbing calcium, protein and other nutrients in the digestive tract. 6, careful use of drugs affecting bone metabolism: certain drugs such as prednisone, heparin, methotrexate, thyroxine, phenytoin sodium, etc. have adverse effects on bone metabolism, the use of drugs to weigh the pros and cons. 7, take various measures to prevent falls: pay attention to whether there are diseases and drugs that increase the risk of falls, and strengthen the protective measures for themselves and the environment, fractures may occur in the elderly with minor trauma. 8.Supplement calcium and vitamin D.