Prognostic risk models for advanced renal cell carcinoma are useful for patient risk stratification and treatment selection and are commonly used, including the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria and the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria (Table 7). The MSKCC score is based on the cytokine era and includes five risk factors: physical status, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin, calcium, and time from diagnosis to systemic therapy, classified as low, intermediate, or high risk, with a corresponding median overall survival time of 30 days. The median overall survival time was 30 months, 14 months and 5 months. The IMDC score applied in the era of targeted therapy, built on the MSKCC criteria, included 4 of the MSKCC prognostic factors (except lactate dehydrogenase) and incorporated platelet and neutrophil counts, with median overall survival times of 35.3 months, 16.6 months, and 5.4 months for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients, respectively.
Table 7 Prognostic risk assessment criteria for advanced renal cell carcinoma