Treatment of portal vein thrombosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma The formation of portal vein thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma is an important factor affecting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Since hepatocellular carcinoma is insidious in origin and grows rapidly, it is often found to be nearly advanced, and a significant proportion of patients have hepatocellular carcinoma invading the portal vein and forming portal vein thrombosis (PVTT), which is often considered inappropriate for surgical treatment and has been treated negatively or abandoned in the past. At the same time, PVTT also causes portal hypertension, deterioration of liver function, extensive intrahepatic metastasis and postoperative recurrence, which are the main factors affecting the outcome and prognosis. At present, the methods of treating portal vein cancer embolism at home and abroad can be basically summarized as follows: 1.Surgical treatment Active surgical treatment can prolong the survival period and improve the quality of survival. The main method is to remove the cancer embolus from the portal vein through the hepatectomy section while removing the hepatocellular carcinoma, or to directly cut the portal vein with cancer embolus to remove the embolus, supplemented by active comprehensive treatment such as hepatic artery embolization chemotherapy (TACE) and biological therapy. However, the proportion of such patients is very small. 2. Hepatic artery and portal vein pumping (DDS) infusion chemotherapy Surgical embolization is sometimes difficult to remove, and the residual cancer embolus or intrahepatic dissemination of microemboli may lead to recurrence. Therefore, on the basis of resection of hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein embolization, hepatic artery and portal vein double cannulation subcutaneous pump infusion chemotherapy can effectively treat residual cancer foci and emboli, prevent intrahepatic dissemination of residual microscopic cancer emboli and reduce recurrence, so as to obtain better near-term and long-term curative effects. For unresectable liver cancer lesions, hepatic artery embolization chemotherapy (TACE) is recognized as an effective treatment method, because primary liver cancer is mainly supplied by hepatic artery, and the blood supply of portal vein cancer embolus also mainly comes from hepatic artery and capillary plexus around bile duct. TACE can not only block the blood supply of liver tumor, but also play the role of embolization chemotherapy for PVTT, so as to control liver cancer and eliminate cancer clots. 4.hepatic artery and portal vein double cannula perfusion embolization chemotherapy 90% of the blood supply of liver tumor comes from hepatic artery, but at the edge of the tumor, there is also portal vein supply, and PVTT is also double supply of blood from portal vein and hepatic artery. Therefore, combined hepatic artery and portal vein embolization treatment for liver tumor and PVTT can block the dual blood supply of liver tumor and PVTT, and achieve the purpose of controlling tumor and eliminating cancer embolism. 5.Radiotherapy The use of radiation therapy for portal vein cancer embolism can achieve certain curative effect.