Manifestations of amniotic fluid embolism

  In the past few years, with the development of information, more and more cases of amniotic fluid embolism have been reported. However, most people still only know that amniotic fluid embolism is a “scary” pregnancy.  What are the manifestations of amniotic fluid embolism?  The onset of amniotic fluid embolism is rapid and the clinical presentation is complex. It usually develops during labor, and it is usually too late for timely and effective management, resulting in death. Therefore, early diagnosis is important.  A typical amniotic fluid embolism is an acute syndrome characterized by an abrupt drop in blood pressure, tissue hypoxia and wasting disease. It generally passes through three stages: 1. Cardiopulmonary failure and shock: During delivery, especially shortly after rupture of membranes, the mother suddenly feels chills, develops prodromal symptoms such as choking and coughing, shortness of breath, irritability, nausea and vomiting, followed by respiratory distress, cyanosis, convulsions, coma, fine pulse, rapid drop in blood pressure, accelerated heart rate and wet rales at the bottom of the lungs. In severe cases, the respiratory and cardiac arrests may occur after only one shriek or one yawn, and death may occur within a few minutes.  2.Hemorrhage: systemic bleeding tendency mainly from uterine bleeding, such as incisional bleeding, systemic skin and mucous membrane bleeding, hematuria, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage.  3. Acute renal failure: surviving patients present with oliguria (or anuria) and uremic symptoms.  The onset of atypical amniotic fluid embolism is insidious and may resolve on its own afterwards. Others simply present with transient chills during labor or cesarean section, only to develop a few hours later with heavy vaginal bleeding, no blood clots, wound oozing, soy-colored hematuria, and signs of shock (very low or undetectable blood pressure, confusion, pallor, etc.).  At present, the occurrence of amniotic fluid embolism cannot be predicted and prevented, early detection and timely resuscitation are the key points. If the mother has chest tightness, chills, irritability and other uncomfortable conditions during the delivery, she should give feedback to the doctor in time for him to do another specific examination in case it is amniotic fluid embolism.