If a thyroid nodule is painful, it may be caused by an enlarged lesion that irritates local nerves. A nodule that is bleeding within the lesion may also increase in size. The typical symptom is pain, especially when swallowing food. Patients may experience a significant sensation of pressure, aggravated by activity, with chest tightness and panic. The most effective method is surgery, usually under local anesthesia or general anesthesia, to remove the nodule. Partial excision of the thyroid gland is chosen and an intraoperative cryopathological examination is required. After surgery, drainage strips should be left in place and changes in thyroid function should be reviewed regularly.