Kidney stones are one of the upper urinary tract stones. There are many factors that affect stone formation and attention to these issues can reduce stone formation and recurrence. Possible causes of kidney stone formation include systemic metabolic abnormalities, obstruction of the urinary tract, infection, foreign bodies and living environment, climate, water source and dietary habits. 1, systemic metabolic abnormalities caused by abnormal endocrine metabolism and abnormally high blood or urine calcium ion concentration, resulting in hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, prone to the formation of stones. In addition, hyperoxaluria and hyperuricuria are prone to form calcium oxalate stones and uric acid stones respectively. Local causes of urinary tract obstruction, infection and the presence of foreign bodies in the urinary tract are the main local factors that induce stone formation, obstruction can lead to infection and stone formation, while stones themselves are foreign bodies in the urinary tract, the latter will aggravate the degree of obstruction and infection. 3.Living environment, climate, water source and dietary habits Hot areas, sweating, and easy concentration of urine; food and drinking water containing too many crystal components are all risk factors for stone formation. In addition, taking certain drugs, such as aminoglutethimide, magnesium silicate, sulfonamides, VitD, VitC and corticosteroids, etc., may be the cause of urinary calculi.