Electronic bronchoscopy is a minimally invasive treatment technique for pediatric respiratory diseases. It has clearer images than fiberoptic bronchoscopy, has a thin tube diameter, can bend and change direction, can be inserted into deep bronchi, has a large field of view, and can directly observe local micro lesions as well as tracheobronchial dynamics. These advantages are incomparable to traditional chest X-ray, bronchography and CT, etc. Biopsy, brush examination or bronchoalveolar lavage and laser, freezing, placement of stents, balloon dilation, etc. Therefore, it can be used not only for diagnosis but also for treatment with few complications and high safety. Indications for pediatric bronchoscopy: 1, trachea, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and malformations: tracheal and bronchial achondroplasia, tracheal cricoid cartilage, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, congenital malformations of trachea, bronchus and lung. 2. Pulmonary atelectasis: persistent atelectasis of lobe or segment of lung and pneumonia found on X-ray should be bronchoscopically examined and treated, even requiring multiple lavage treatments. 3. Hemoptysis or blood in sputum: there are many causes of hemoptysis, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial tuberculosis, inflammatory lesions of the lung (bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess and granuloma, etc.) and tumors. Pathogenic and pathological examinations can be done by bronchoscopy. 4.Chronic cough and recurrent respiratory infections: it can be caused by various factors such as asthma, foreign bodies, gastro-oesophageal reflux and abnormal tracheal development, which need to be differentially diagnosed. 5.Limited wheezing: This syndrome suggests local narrowing of the large airways, which may be caused by inflammation, tuberculosis, tumors, foreign bodies in the bronchi, or by enlarged parabronchial lymph nodes, retrosternal thyroid enlargement, or mediastinal masses compressing the airways, and needs to be differentiated. 6, pulmonary mass lesions: including masses, abscesses, tuberculosis and parasites, etc., which require localization and biopsy for differential diagnosis. 7, diffuse lung disease: including interstitial lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nodular disease, eosinophilic pneumonia, alveolar protein deposition and other chronic lung diseases that require differential diagnosis. 8, lung infectious diseases: pathogenic examination by bronchoscopy, and lavage treatment is available. 9, bronchial – pulmonary tuberculosis: through the bronchoscope directly from the lesion to take material to find tuberculosis bacilli or do pathological examination. 10.Removal of airway foreign body: Bronchoscopy is not as convenient as rigid bronchoscopy to remove larger foreign bodies. The effect on the removal of deep bronchial foreign body is exact. 11.Tracheobronchial laceration or rupture: for chest trauma, suspected tracheobronchial laceration or rupture, bronchoscopy can often clarify the diagnosis. 12.Tracheal intubation: For children with neck disorders who have difficulty in rear elevation and cannot be intubated by direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy can be used to guide tracheal intubation. 13.Pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of thoracic surgery. 14.Application in PICU: It can clarify the reasons for difficult tracheal intubation, failure to decannulate after ventilator treatment or failure of extubation. Severe pulmonary infections can be treated by bronchoscopy to obtain specimens for pathogenic testing and flushing. 15, other interventions such as bronchoscopic stent placement, balloon dilation, freezing, laser, argon knife, etc.