Visual agnosia is a condition in which the patient is able to see objects but is unable to recognize them visually, or is unable to recognize things that he was able to recognize without difficulty not long ago, even though the patient’s vision and reasoning ability are unchanged. The patient’s identification of familiar places, things around him, various appearances and even his relatives, and sometimes colors, becomes difficult or even impossible. Visual agnosia includes object agnosia, physiognomy, simultaneous agnosia, color agnosia, and visuospatial agnosia. Perceptive visual agnosia: Perceptive visual agnosia is a condition in which the patient is able to avoid obstacles while walking, but acts as if he or she were blind in many ways. The patient is unable to name the objects presented, draw them, or pick out the same object from a sample of objects. The patient cannot point out objects that the examiner informs them of, but the patient’s visual acuity and visual field are normal, and the patient can also distinguish small changes in the intensity and brightness of light sources. Their deficit is an impairment in visual pattern recognition, with some patients complaining of an inability to see stationary objects that the patient can recognize from the background once these objects begin to move. This loss of recognition is often caused by lesions in the bilateral talar fissures or occipitotemporal areas (mostly ischemic lesions) and occurs during the recovery period in the oscillating cortex. Tissues outside the striate cortex visual pathway, such as the thalamus occipital, superior colliculus, and parietal lobes, also play a role in the perception of light and motion. Associative visual agnosia: Associative visual agnosia is a condition in which the patient is unable to visually identify an object, but can draw the object or point to it from a sample of objects, indicating normal visual perception. The recognition of pictures is more difficult than the recognition of physical objects. During the recovery period, this type of aphasia gradually decreases. Optical aphasia is a condition in which the patient is unable to name an object that has been recognized, but the patient can correctly explain the purpose of the object. Both types of aphasia are associated with right synoptic hemianopia, pure alexia and color naming deficits. It is most often caused by lesions of the medial aspect of the left occipital lobe and the corpus callosum pressure, with ischemic lesions being the most common. Visual alexia also includes color alexia and face alexia.