Intractable pleural effusion (pleural fluid) refers to those who do not disappear or recur soon after anti-TB, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory measures, together with chest drainage and/or repeated thoracentesis and aspiration. Hazard 1: Large amount of chest fluid compression causes cardiopulmonary insufficiency, and the quality of life of patients is significantly reduced. Hazard 2: Repeated fluid aspiration is often required for recalcitrant patients, which is not only painful, but also increases the chance of infection, and a large amount of protein is lost, resulting in a rapid decline in body mass. New methods of treatment for intractable pleural effusion: Method 1: TV thoracoscopic talc pleural cavity occlusion. Method 2: Thoracoabdominal shunt with Denver thoracoabdominal shunt device.