Chlamydia is an organism smaller than bacteria but larger than viruses, and is a specialized intracellular parasitic pathogen that resembles bacteria and viruses. Chlamydia is pathogenic to humans: Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Chlamydia pneumoniae, which has been discovered in recent years. Clinically, in addition to smear examination, complement binding test and microimmunofluorescence test and other detection methods, but also directly for cell culture isolation of chlamydia. Tetracycline family, erythromycin treatment is effective, quinolone and other antibacterial drugs also have a certain effect. Mycoplasma: It is the smallest known free-living organism, and the smallest prokaryotic cell. It is a prokaryotic microorganism larger than a virus and smaller than a bacterium, and their distinguishing feature is the absence of a cell wall. As a result, the cells are soft, variable and highly polymorphic. Mycoplasma is another type of microscopic pathogen different from bacteria and fungi, and there are more than 80 species of mycoplasma genera, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), Mycoplasma humanum (MH), Mycoplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), the former causing pneumonia, the latter three causing genital tract infections. The three cause genitourinary tract infections. Mycoplasma genitalium infections in the genitourinary tract cause diseases such as non-gonococcal urethritis in men and mainly non-gonococcal genitourinary tract infection in women. Men present with urethral tingling, burning sensation and difficulty in urination, and in a few cases, frequent urination. The urethral opening is mildly red and swollen, and the discharge is thin, and some patients are asymptomatic. In women, the symptoms are increased leucorrhea, burning in the urethra or infertility, miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy caused by pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal inflammatory disease, etc. When Mycoplasma and Chlamydia infect the human body, they first invade the columnar epithelial cells and grow and multiply inside the cells, and then enter the cells of the mononuclear macrophage system to proliferate. As mycoplasma and chlamydia multiply within the cells, they lead to the death of the infected cells, while still evading the host immune defenses and receiving intermittent protection. The pathogenic mechanism of mycoplasma and chlamydia is the inhibition of infected cell metabolism, lysis and destruction of cells and leads to the release of lysozyme, cytotoxic effects of metabolites, causing metamorphic reactions and autoimmunity. When the body is infected with mycoplasma and chlamydia, specific immunity is produced, but this immunity is weak and short-lived; therefore, mycoplasma and chlamydia infections tend to cause persistent, recurrent infections, and latent infections. The most common site of invasion of mycoplasma and chlamydia in the female reproductive tract is the cervix, which can spread upwards to cause endometritis, tubal infection, pelvic inflammatory disease, and also acute urethritis and vestibular adenitis. Mycoplasma and chlamydia infections in pregnant women can cause neonatal ophthalmia and pneumonia if the fetus passes through the birth canal during delivery. Mycoplasma and chlamydia infections in women do not always cause symptoms, and even if they do, they vary depending on the site of infection. For example, cervical infections can cause cervical erosion, cervical mucous membrane edema, increased leucorrhea (purulent), contact bleeding, etc. Fallopian tube infections can cause lower abdominal pain, back pain and infertility. In general, none of these symptoms are specific. Mycoplasma and Chlamydia can be transmitted through sexual contact, but also through hands, eyes, towels, clothing, baths, stools, and swimming pools. Sexual relations with more than one person, the male partner has a UTI, poor hygiene habits, etc. are prone to infection. Therefore, the key to preventing infection is to be clean and take good care of your personal hygiene.