Further examination and treatment are decided mainly based on the patient’s medical history and physical examination. Detailed questions should be asked about growth and development, original conception and fertility history, etc., while the focus of the physical examination is on the male reproductive system, i.e., the testes, epididymis, spermatic cord and vas deferens, and then targeted tests are selected. Among them, routine semen examination is the cornerstone of evaluating male fertility, and the strength of male fertility is judged by semen volume, sperm concentration, vitality and morphology, and other indicators, and this examination has the advantages of low cost, non-invasive, and can be repeated; other sperm function tests, such as sperm acrosome function test and detection of sperm DNA damage, are selected according to specific situations. In some patients with male infertility, we also have the option of testing reproductive hormones and chromosomes as well as performing ultrasound and nuclear magnetic examinations.