Stroke is the second leading cause of human death in the world, and about 80% of strokes are ischemic strokes (cerebral infarction or cerebral ischemia). Tianjin is a region with high incidence of high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus, and it is the time when cerebral infarction occurs in winter and spring, and the number of patients with cerebral infarction in neurological clinics has increased greatly, so understanding the correct preventive knowledge can play a decisive role in the prevention of cerebral infarction. Age, gender, familial genetic disease are non-preventable factors, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, high blood fat, carotid artery stenosis, smoking, drinking, heart disease and obesity are preventable risk factors for stroke. 1, prevention of cerebral infarction a Know your blood pressure. Adults over the age of 35 should have it measured at least once a year. If it is elevated, work with your doctor to keep it in the normal range. Elevated blood pressure (hypertension) can cause strokes. You can have your blood pressure checked at a hospital, community, or pharmacy, or you can have it measured at home with an automatic sphygmomanometer. If the high pressure (systolic) is consistently greater than 135 or the low pressure (diastolic) is consistently greater than 85, see a doctor. If your doctor confirms that you have high blood pressure, he may recommend changes in your poor diet, proper exercise and medication. Medications to control high blood pressure have improved dramatically. Once you and your doctor have found the right medication for you, there are few side effects and they will not affect your quality of life. 2, prevention of cerebral infarction two Control diabetes, if you pay careful attention to your diet, diabetes can be controlled. If you have diabetes, listen carefully to your physician’s advice and control your blood sugar. Diabetes can be controlled if you pay careful attention to your diet. Work with your doctor to develop a nutrition program that fits your needs and lifestyle. Your doctor may be able to make some lifestyle changes and prescribe medications to help you control your blood sugar. Elevated blood sugar increases the risk of stroke; controlling blood sugar decreases the risk of stroke. 3, prevention of cerebral infarction three lower blood fat, most overweight adults will have increased blood fat phenomenon, every year to the hospital for blood flow test, to know whether you have high cholesterol, if cholesterol is high, it will make you increase the risk of stroke. Lowering elevated cholesterol reduces the risk of stroke. High cholesterol can be controlled by diet and exercise, and some people need medication. 4, the prevention of cerebral infarction four carotid artery stenosis treatment, carotid artery stenosis is an important cause of cerebral infarction, human arterial blood vessels like home water mains, water mains after decades of use may be due to limescale caused by stenosis occurs blockage, arterial blood vessels can appear atherosclerotic plaque stenosis caused by blockage, which causes cerebral infarction, surgical treatment or minimally invasive interventional therapy can be treated for stenosis, reduce the risk of cerebral infarction, especially in people with high cholesterol, reduce the risk of stroke. Surgical treatment or minimally invasive interventional treatment can treat arterial stenosis and reduce the risk of cerebral infarction, especially arterial interventional stenting, patients have no pain, no anesthesia, and arterial stenosis can be completely cured in 3 or 5 days of hospitalization. 5, prevention of cerebral infarction five Know whether you have atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat, which changes the normal function of the heart, so that certain components of the blood easily gather in the atria. The irregular heartbeat dislodges these components, which travel throughout the body with the blood and cause strokes. Doctors can diagnose atrial fibrillation by counting the pulse. In the hospital, an electrocardiogram can be used to confirm or rule out atrial fibrillation. If you have atrial fibrillation, your doctor will usually have you take some oral medication such as warfarin or aspirin in order to reduce your risk of stroke. Prevention of cerebral infarction: Quit smoking. If you smoke, quit. Smoking doubles the risk of stroke. If you start quitting today, your risk of stroke will begin to drop immediately. 7, prevention of cerebral infarction seven limit alcohol, if you drink alcohol, keep it in moderation, current research shows that 2 glasses of wine a day can reduce stroke by 50%. However, more than 2 drinks increases the risk of stroke by 3 times and leads to liver disease, traffic accidents and more. If you drink alcohol and find it very difficult to stop, pay attention to the following points: 1) Don’t drink too much, set an appropriate amount (e.g., 1 beer or 2 small glasses of white wine) and follow it carefully. 2) It’s easier to control the amount when drinking at home than when drinking outside the house. 3) Set 2 to 3 days a week when you don’t drink. 4) Choose protein-rich dishes such as fish and meat to go with your drinks. 5) Don’t drink continuously, drink some water or tea in order to reduce the intake of alcohol. If you don’t drink, don’t try it! Remember that alcohol is also medicine and it can interact with some medicines and affect their absorption. It is best to ask your doctor or pharmacist if the medication you are taking interacts with alcohol. 8.Prevention of Cerebral Infarction VIII Eat a sensible diet and enjoy a low-salt, low-fat diet. By reducing the amount of salt and fat in your diet, you can lower your blood pressure and, more importantly, reduce your risk of stroke. Maintain a balanced diet each day: adequate fruits, vegetables, cereals, and moderate amounts of protein. Adding fiber such as whole grain bread and cereal products, raw, unpeeled fruits and vegetables, and dried beans can reduce cholesterol by 6 to 19%; eat less sugar and sweets. 9, prevention of cerebral infarction nine appropriate exercise, regular participation in your favorite sports activities in daily activities , five times a week, every day at least 30 minutes of brisk walking can be in many ways to improve the level of health, but also can reduce strokes. Exercising with a friend can make it easier to keep up. If you don’t like walking, choose another sport that suits your lifestyle: cycling, golf, swimming, dancing, table tennis, or any kind of aerobic exercise. 10, cerebral infarction prevention ten cerebral infarction first aid, once cerebral infarction, time is the brain, in the onset of the first six hours (cerebral infarction of the treatment of the golden time), through the thrombolytic therapy can make most of the acute thrombotic infarction of arterial vascular recirculation, reduce or eliminate the ischemic necrosis of the cerebral nerve cells, reduce or eliminate the after-effects of cerebral infarction, but miss the optimal time of this treatment, any drug can do nothing. However, if this optimal time for treatment is missed, no medicine can help. In conclusion, the importance of prevention of cerebral infarction is far greater than treatment after infarction, as long as the majority of middle-aged and elderly friends can do a reasonable diet, quit smoking and limiting alcohol, and actively control the “three highs”, appropriate exercise, and early treatment of carotid artery stenosis, can greatly reduce the risk of the onset of cerebral infarction. Once you find yourself or your family members have sudden numbness and weakness of the limbs, crooked mouth and eyes, slurred speech, or even unconsciousness and other symptoms, you must scramble to send them to the hospital for specialized diagnosis and treatment, so as not to miss the “golden time” of the best treatment, and thus reduce the harm of cerebral infarction.