(1) Take in enough protein and heat: the protein intake is 1.2~1.4g/(kg.d), more than 50% is high quality protein, the available foods are eggs, milk, lean meat, fish, etc. It is not advisable to eat foods with high non-essential amino acids such as hard fruits. The total amount of fat in the diet should be 50~60g per day, including 20~30ml of vegetable oil.
Foods containing protein and calories are approximately as follows.
Category
Weight per serving
(g)
Calories
(kcal)
Protein
(g)
Category
Weight per serving
(g)
Calories
(kcal)
Protein
(g)
Cereals and potatoes
25 (0.5 taels)
90
2.0
Milk
160 (3 taels)
90
5.0
Vegetables
500 (1 catty)
90
5.0
Meat and Eggs
50 (1 tael)
90
9.0
Fruits
200 (4 taels)
90
1.0
Hard Fruits
15 (1/3 tael)
90
4.0
Soybeans
25 (0.5 taels)
90
9.0
Oil and fat
10 (1 tbsp.)
90
(2) Restrict the intake of sodium: the intake of sodium should be limited to no more than 5g per day in general, and should be controlled to 1~2g in patients without urine.
(3) About potassium intake: potassium intake should be determined according to the condition, general daily intake for hemodialysis patients is 2~2.5 g. Use cautiously foods with high potassium content, such as mushrooms, sea vegetables, beans, lotus seeds, cabbage, squash, as well as bananas and oranges; potassium intake for peritoneal dialysis patients should depend on serum potassium level, urine volume and patient condition, general daily intake should be controlled at 3~4 g, a few patients If necessary, oral potassium salt can be supplemented.
(4) Limit the intake of phosphorus: It is best to limit the intake of phosphorus to 600~1200mg. Almost all foods contain phosphorus, so foods with high phosphorus content should be avoided. Such as egg yolk, whole wheat bread, offal, dried legumes, hard nuts, milk powder, cheese, chocolate, carbonated drinks (e.g. cola), etc.
(5) Control fluid intake: control water intake. Weight gain during two dialysis sessions should not exceed 4% of body weight. Water intake is generally increased by another 500ml of urine volume in the previous day (including water contained in the diet).
(6) Appropriate vitamin supplementation: water-soluble vitamins are seriously lost during dialysis, supplement B vitamins, etc. as appropriate. Vitamin B1, B2 and folic acid can also be taken orally.