Optic neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord and has a variety of clinical and imaging manifestations. The early view was that optic neuromyelitis optica involved only the optic nerve and spinal cord. However, recent findings suggest that in addition to optic neuritis and myelitis, optic neuromyelitis optica may involve other parts of the nervous system or even other organs, and the presence of these symptoms may support the diagnosis of optic neuromyelitis optica. The manifestations other than damage to the optic nerve and spinal cord are described as follows: 1. Intractable nausea, vomiting and eructation (rarely intractable cough) lasting several days or even six months – usually preceding the involvement of the optic nerve and spinal cord; 2. Intractable hyponatremia, hyperthermia, episodic sleepiness (increased, uncontrollable sleep), hypotension, arrhythmias and other mesencephalic syndromes; 3. Painful tonic spasms of the limbs. neuralgia; 4, eye movement disorders, dysphagia, loss of taste; 5, tinnitus, hearing loss, muscle pain or elevated muscle enzymes; 6, miscarriage; 7, rare disorders of consciousness or epilepsy.