Identifying and diagnosing abnormal stools in children? Abnormal stools can occur in children with delicate spleens and stomachs, improper feeding practices, seasonal changes, and intestinal pathologies. Pediatrics is a dumb department, and children do not describe their illnesses themselves. Therefore, it is especially important for parents to observe their children’s stools to identify their disease status based on their color, volume, and texture. The following is a summary of common problems: Children have different age, diet, bowel habits, the number of bowel movements per day, and the nature of stool varies depending on how the child is fed and how it is fed. Breast-fed children, the normal stool appearance is yellow or golden yellow, uniform consistency such as paste, a sweet and sour smell, but not smelly, no obvious mucus, occasionally granular milk flap or slightly green, 3-5 times a day, some children can also be up to 6-7 times a day, but each time the amount is not much, the nature is also good, weight gain as usual, the nutritional status is very good, this is not a pathology, do not need any treatment. If a child has 1-2 bowel movements per day and suddenly becomes more than 5-6 times, and has more water or contains undigested food residues, he/she should go to the hospital for consultation. In artificially fed children, the stool is light yellow or earthy yellow, hard, dry and shaped, often not staining the diaper, such as more sugar in the milk will become soft, and slightly with a rotten-like sour smell, and the volume of each bowel movement is also more. Normal defecation 1-2 times a day or once every 1-2 days, as people say “save tummy”. As children grow older and have more food, their stools will gradually become the same as those of adults. Children’s abnormal stools are: 1, the number of stools increased, dilute watery or egg soup-like, or mucus and foam, fishy smell, which suggests that the child diarrhea. 2, the number of stools decreased, crying during defecation, laborious, dry stool, hard, or even blood on the surface, which suggests the occurrence of constipation. 3, the stool is white clay-like, suggesting that the child has biliary obstruction disease, such as, congenital biliary obstruction, etc. 4, the stool is black tar-like, suggesting that children may have upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but children taking iron or eating iron-rich food can also appear black stool, such as eating blood tofu. 5, red stool, suggesting lower gastrointestinal bleeding, common blood in the stool, mostly caused by anal fissures, hemorrhoids or rectal polyps. 6, the stool is green thin watery, but the general state of the child is good, suggesting hunger diarrhea, need to increase the amount of milk. If the general state is poor, accompanied by fever, vomiting, etc., suggesting inflammation of the intestinal tract. 7, the stool is jam-like, pay attention to the occurrence of intussusception. 8, stools for sorghum rice water-like stool, pay attention to the occurrence of necrotizing small intestinal infections. 9, the stool is egg-white-like mucus stool, or with pus and blood stool, suggesting the possibility of dysentery. The most common in children is diarrhea and constipation, stool routine examination without flora can be treated with traditional Chinese medicine massage.