Characteristics of different periods.
Newborn: supine position with flexed or semi-flexed limbs, hand clenched fist, left and right symmetrical or asymmetrical, (mainly in flexion) prone position with the head to one side still can not lift stable, the whole body flexed with the head as the fulcrum in a hip-high head-low position. When sitting, the whole body leans forward and the head is unstable. Hand clenched thumb over four fingers, grip reflex can appear
2 months: head gyrates to one side or left and right, often with asymmetrical tension reflex (the child begins to shift from flexion to extension). The head is not raised permanently in the prone position, and the lower limbs are semi-extended in a hip-head equilibrium position with the neck and upper chest as the fulcrum, and can reach objects and kick alternately while lying on the back. Fingers are half-open, able to look at objects in the hands and play with hands
3 months: The head mainly remains in a neutral position and can turn freely. Asymmetrical reflexes gradually disappear. In prone position, the head can be supported by the elbow, the head can be raised 45o, the lower limbs are extended, and the head is high and the hips are low with the chest and waist as the fulcrum. At the end of 3 months, the head can grasp objects with the side of the ruler.
4 months: not only the head is centered, but also the trunk is stable, and the limbs are more symmetrically flexed. Can reach out to actively grasp objects in sight, and loves to bite hands or other things. The head can be raised 45~90o in prone position, with the waist as the fulcrum. At 4 months of age, the lower limbs can be extended to support the weight and are more toe supported
5 months: head is completely centered, limbs are symmetrically flexed, eyes start to look at hands, finger random movements are obvious, can actively grasp the feet to eat, showing hand-eye mouth coordination. In prone position, the head can be raised 90o with the support of both hands, with the lumbosacral as the fulcrum. At 5~6 months old, the limbs are jumping in the standing position, and at 4~5 months old, the limbs are uncoordinated and often held by all hands.
6 months: The limbs start to stretch freely, the random movement increases, and they can actively lift their legs and turn over from side to side. In the prone position, the fingers can be extended to support the weight, the head can be raised more than 90o, the chest and epigastrium can leave the bed, the limbs can be freely extended, and the sacral tail can be used as the fulcrum to turn from prone to supine. Pulling hands can sit up from supine, can sit with hands forward to support, in the shape of arching back sitting. 6~7 months can play with feet, change hands to play, scratch side hands to grasp
7 months: head free movement, free extension of limbs, supine turned into prone flexible, mainly based on stretching exercises. When prone position can be supported by both hands or one hand and can change hands to support. Can sit alone with straight back. 7~8 months old can support standing
8 months: can start to crawl, abdomen can not leave the bed, can turn in place and belly crawl. Can twist to sit and can convert from sitting position to other body odor position. 8~9 months finger flexibility can pinch and knock, can scratch side finger grasp
9 months: can crawl, abdomen can leave the bed, can crawl back and forth. Can grasp stand
10 months: can crawl on all fours, and have a better sense of balance can stand alone. The fingers are very flexible, and the thumb and other fingers can pinch objects against each other
11~12 months: can crawl high, start to pull hand walking at 11 months, can walk alone at 12 months, where walk alone as early as 9 months, as late as one and a half years. Thumb and forefinger pinch, to pinch fine
At the age of 1 year, walking is not very stable, both upper limbs are often raised horizontally. 12-15 months can use a spoon to take food, no longer put things in the entrance, can throw things upwards and pages and pages of books
1 year 3 months: can climb stairs, kneel steadily, stand up by themselves, walk around things is not yet flexible, can not suddenly stop
1.5 years old: can go up stairs, still need both feet together when going up, need handrails when going down, can go backwards, can pick up things, can stack 3~4 pieces of wood
2 years old: stable gait, can kick a ball with one foot, can walk to the side and back, can cross obstacles, can jump side-by-side, can stack 5~6 blocks, turn a book page by page, can turn a doorknob, drink from a cup, undress
2.5~3 years old: can count the seconds independently on one foot, can take one step up the stairs and two steps down, can ride a tricycle, start to put on socks and shoes, hold a pencil with a fist to draw straight lines and circles, slowly turn to imitate drawing a cross, and can unbutton and put on clothes
4 years old: can stand on one foot for a long time, can jump rope, turn and jump, dress themselves, imitate drawing triangle
5 years old; can jump 8~10 steps continuously
6 years old: can jump and run well