What does constipation mean? What are the causes of constipation?

Constipation is defined as a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements or difficulty in passing stools, which can be accompanied by abdominal distension, abdominal pain, perineal cramps, and irritability. The normal frequency of bowel movement is 1 – 2 times a day or 3 times a week, with smooth and painless defecation and formed soft stools without laxatives. The causes of constipation are complex and can be divided into extra-intestinal lesions, intestinal lesions and poor lifestyle habits. 1, extra-intestinal lesions (1) endocrine and metabolic factors such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, uremia and other diseases, as well as in pregnancy. (2) Psychoneurological diseases such as depression, brain tumor, spinal cord injury and other diseases. (3) Influence of chemical drugs such as anesthetic analgesics, anticholinergics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, diuretics, antacids, antibiotics, etc. Intestinal lesions include organic or functional diseases of the anus, rectum and colon. (1) Colon obstruction such as tumor, colon torsion, chronic inflammatory hyperplasia of the intestine, post-surgical anastomotic stenosis, etc. (2) Rectal and anal canal outlet obstruction such as rectal and anal canal stenosis, pelvic floor dysfunction, etc. (3) visceral nerve and muscle lesions such as congenital megacolon, colonic ankylosis, irritable bowel syndrome, etc. 3, poor living habits In daily life, drinking less water, less diet, less crude fiber in the diet; lack of exercise in general; encountering environmental changes, neglecting the intention to defecate; suffering from hemorrhoids, anal fissures and other diseases, because of fear of pain, afraid to defecate, can lead to irregular defecation.