Both urinary stones and urological tumors are common urological diseases. Therefore, patients with isolated renal kidney stones are often encountered in the clinic. Because of the long operation time, many operations and low stone removal rate of ureteroscopic treatment, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is still the first choice for its treatment. The main pitfalls of percutaneous nephrolithotomy are: 1) the impact of surgical puncture on renal function; 2) the impact of postoperative complications on renal function. Therefore, the main purpose of this procedure is to reduce the trauma as much as possible, and at the same time, to clean the stone as much as possible and reduce the complications. There are foreign studies on percutaneous nephrolithoscopy for isolated kidney stones, and the results of these studies show that the size and shape of the stone affect the number of operations, the length of the operation and the number of days the patient stays in the hospital after the operation, but are not related to the stone clearing rate, postoperative complications and secondary operations (such as ureteral stent dislodgement, etc.). Therefore, in the case of relatively large stones, the treatment of isolated kidney stones is still based on percutaneous nephrolithography, but the correct selection of indications and contraindications for percutaneous nephrolithography, preoperative preparation, operator technique and postoperative patient management are the most important aspects of percutaneous nephrolithography for isolated kidney stones.