Biliary colic is caused by spasmodic contraction of the gallbladder and bile ducts during the movement of gallstones, or by sudden obstruction of the cystic duct or common bile duct by gallstones, resulting in dilatation of the gallbladder or bile ducts or an increase in intraluminal pressure, when the muscle fibers of the bile ducts contract strongly in an attempt to move the stones. It often occurs at night after eating fatty food or after a full meal, because the bottom of the gallbladder faces the sky when lying down, and the stone moves downward to the mouth of the cystic duct due to gravity, blocking the cystic duct. Sometimes when the abdomen is shaken, such as riding a horse or bicycling on a rugged mountain road, it can also cause a biliary colic attack. When biliary colic attacks, the patient will suddenly feel pain in the upper middle abdomen or right upper abdomen, and then change to right quarter rib cramps, sometimes the pain also radiates to the right shoulder, and in severe cases, the pain is unbearable, sitting and lying down, holding the abdomen and bending over, rolling on the ground, shouting, pale, sweating, or accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and even shock. The pain is often recurrent, with intervals ranging from a few minutes to several hours. If the pain persists for 5 to 6 hours, the occurrence of gallstone complications should be considered. When the stone retreats into the gallbladder or duodenum, or when the obstruction is relieved due to bile duct dilatation, the pain may disappear completely. Once the biliary colic occurs, you should seek medical attention in time, and the diagnosis can be basically clarified by doctor’s examination and ultrasound. If the abdominal pain persists and is accompanied by fever and increased blood leukocytes, it is often combined with septic inflammation, and anti-inflammatory drugs should be applied at the same time. If anti-inflammatory treatment is not effective or if gangrene or perforation of the gallbladder is suspected, emergency surgery should be performed within 72 hours of inflammation. When the stone is embedded in the lower part of the bile duct, it may also induce a serious complication – acute pancreatitis, which is more important to be treated at this time. The occurrence of biliary colic can be prevented by avoiding oversaturated and fatty diets and by taking oral anti-inflammatory and litholytic drugs.