The clinical manifestations of organophosphorus poisoning include typical symptoms such as muscarinic (M-like) symptoms, nicotinic (N-like) symptoms, central nervous system symptoms, as well as concomitant symptoms such as respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms and so on.
1. Typical symptoms:
(1) M-like symptoms: mainly caused by smooth muscle spasm and increased glandular secretion. Smooth muscle spasm is mainly manifested as pupil pinpoint narrowing, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, urinary and fecal incontinence, etc. Increased glandular secretion is manifested as profuse sweating, drooling, increased respiratory secretion, which leads to coughing, shortness of breath, choking and other symptoms.
(2) N-like symptom: It is caused by the excessive stimulation of neuromuscular due to the accumulation of large amount of acetylcholine. Mainly manifested as twitching, spasm, tremor of the whole body muscles, followed by muscle tone or paralysis, respiratory muscle paralysis of severe patients may appear respiratory failure serious life-threatening.
(3) Central nervous system symptoms: patients may have dizziness, irritability, headache, convulsions and other manifestations in the early stage, and in severe cases, coma, apnea, circulatory failure and other critical symptoms may occur.
2. Accompanying symptoms:
(1) Respiratory symptoms: including runny nose, wheezing, chest urgency and so on.
(2) Gastrointestinal symptoms: including gastrointestinal inflammation, ulcers or bleeding, and some patients may have enlarged liver and elevated transaminases.
(3) Cardiovascular symptoms: tachycardia, hypertension and other symptoms may appear in the early stage, and bradycardia, hypotension and other symptoms appear in the late stage.
Symptoms of organophosphorus poisoning may be atypical in the early stage and require prompt medical attention.