Summer is here, to strengthen the management of food safety topics, and was “the old long talk”. Undeniably, summer is a high incidence of food poisoning, which is due to accidentally eat “poison” food poisoning in the minority, poisoning in addition to timely 120 first aid, the scene also need to take some first aid for the situation. The following according to the different rat poison, the following for you to introduce the first aid method of these kinds of poisoning. A, Antuo poisoning 1, poisoning mechanism: the chemical name of Antuo Yi – naphthalene thiourea, the toxicity of rodents, low toxicity to humans, but children are more likely to have a toxic reaction. The toxic effect of Antuo is to stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa, cause the increase of pulmonary capillary permeability, resulting in pulmonary edema and pleural exudation, etc. It can also cause fatty degeneration and necrosis of the liver and kidney. 2, Clinical manifestations: after the poisoning of Antuo manifested as epigastric burning sensation, thirst, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, etc., the serious cases can appear cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, cough pink foamy sputum and other pulmonary edema manifestations, and even liver enlargement, jaundice, hematuria, proteinuria, coma, shock and so on. (1) 1:5000 potassium permanganate gastric lavage, magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate diarrhea, avoid using alkaline liquid and oil-containing food, in order to reduce the absorption of amphetamine; (2) symptomatic treatment: active prevention and treatment of pulmonary edema, protection of organ function; (3) animal experiments show that cysteine can reduce the activity of amphetamine, can be given to the cysteine 50-100mg/kg, intramuscular injection. Fluoroacetamide poisoning 1, poisoning mechanism: fluoroacetamide is a highly toxic organofluorine rodenticide, mainly due to accidental poisoning, slow metabolic excretion in the body, easy to cause accumulation of poisoning. Fluoroacetamide interrupts the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the body, interferes with oxidative phosphorylation, and affects the nervous system, digestive system, cardiovascular system and sugar metabolism. Clinical manifestations: the incubation period of poisoning is generally 10-15 hours, and in serious cases, the onset of poisoning can be in 30 minutes to 1 hour, with the earliest and the most important neurological symptoms, including headache, dizziness, blurred vision, yellow vision, weakness, numbness of the limbs, agitation, tremor of the muscle bundles, etc., accompanied by varying degrees of impaired consciousness, convulsions, respiratory secretions, respiratory difficulties, often due to respiratory failure and death; the damage to the digestive system can be manifested in different degrees of consciousness, convulsions, respiratory secretions, respiratory difficulties, often due to respiratory failure and death. Damage to the digestive system can be manifested as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, salivation, thirst, burning sensation in the epigastric region, etc. Damage to the cardiovascular system can be manifested as panic, tachycardia, myocardial damage, cardiac rhythm disorders, or even ventricular fibrillation, and a drop in blood pressure. (1) General treatment: induce vomiting, wash the stomach thoroughly with 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution or water, and conduct diarrhea with magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate. In order to protect the mucous membrane of digestive tract, use egg white or aluminum hydroxide gel to protect the gastric mucous membrane after gastric lavage. Those with convulsions can use Valium and/or phenytoin sodium, and those with much secretion can use atropine, and pay attention to the protection of heart, brain and other important organs; (2) Acetamide is the special antidote for fluoroacetamide poisoning, the usage is 0.2-0.3g/(kg.d), injected into the muscle in 2-4 times, and used for 5-7 consecutive days. When there is no acetamide, 5-7ml of anhydrous ethanol can be dissolved in 20-40ml of 50% glucose solution for intravenous drip. Third, the enemy rat poisoning 1, poisoning mechanism: the enemy rat its mechanism of action for the destruction of rodent coagulation mechanism, mainly by reducing the activity of vitamin K (VitK), interfering with the liver to use VitK, impede the synthesis of Ⅱ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, X, so that the time of bleeding, coagulation time is prolonged, resulting in hemorrhage; the enemy rat can also cause the brittleness of the capillaries and increase permeability, aggravate the hemorrhage. 2, clinical manifestations: the main manifestations are nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, dizziness, low fever, nosebleed, bleeding gums, skin purpura, hemoptysis, blood in stool, blood in urine and other hemorrhage manifestations of the whole body, and in severe cases, bleeding of the heart, brain and other internal organs or even shock. 3, first aid measures: according to the child has a history of accidental consumption of rat poison and bleeding-based clinical manifestations can be diagnosed, the suspected should be taken food, vomit, stomach contents or gastric lavage fluid for toxicity screening. In case of criminal cases, the police should be called immediately. Treatment in addition to emetic, gastric lavage, diarrhea, should be immediately used VitK:, the dose of 5-10 mg / times, intramuscular or intravenous administration, 2-3 times / day, a total of 3-5 days; severe cases of the first dose can be increased, used until the clotting time is normal. VitC can be supplemented, and fresh blood should be transfused when there is excessive blood loss, and clotting factors can be given if there are conditions. Four, poisonous rat poison 1, poisoning mechanism: poisonous rat poison chemical name tetramethyl disulfonyl tetramine, also known as four two four, three step down, can be absorbed through the digestive tract and respiratory tract, to the central nervous system, heart, liver, kidney and other damage. Especially on the central nervous system damage is serious, can antagonize Y-aminobutyric acid, significant inhibition of brain stem function, but no obvious toxic effect on the peripheral neuromuscular. 2, clinical manifestations: poisonous rat poisoning is often in the oral minutes to half an hour after the rapid onset of mild poisoning manifested as headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, numbness of the lips and mouth, a sense of intoxication; severe cases can be epileptic seizures, recurrent tonic convulsions, foaming at the mouth, urinary incontinence; coughing pink foamy sputum, coma, etc., EEG was abnormal to varying degrees, and the condition can be restored to normal after the improvement of the disease. The child may suffer multiple organ injuries in sequence, such as cranial brain, respiratory system, heart, liver and gastrointestinal and so on. 3, first aid measures: immediately emetic, gastric lavage, diarrhea, it is worth noting that the gastrointestinal mucosa of the highest concentration of poison within 8 hours after poisoning, so the stomach needs to be repeated several times within 24 hours. Serious patients should actively control the convulsions, such as intravenous injection of Valium and/or intramuscular injection of Bemobarbital, etc.; reasonable oxygen therapy, keep the respiratory tract open, to prevent asphyxia by aspiration; respiratory failure should be intubated, mechanical ventilation; cerebral edema in time to lower the cranial pressure, such as mannitol, furosemide, etc.; myocardial damage can be used in the use of fructose, cardiac protection, VitC, energy synthesis, etc.; and at the same time, to protect the function of the liver and kidney and other organs, and to maintain the stability of the internal environment. Stabilize the internal environment. Do not use drugs that damage the central nervous system. Sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate and high doses of vitamin B may be effective. Hemoperfusion is currently the only effective method of removing poisonous rats, and the earlier the treatment is given, the better, especially within 6-24 hours of intoxication, and may be repeated at 8-24 hour intervals. Combined with hemodialysis, the success rate is significantly improved.