When people are struggling to deal with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and other stubborn diseases, another disease that is no less dangerous than it is quietly coming, which is called “silent killer” osteoporosis. The reason why it is “silent” is because osteoporosis as an insidious lesion, less than 60% of people with bone pain symptoms, and often confused with the pain of degenerative spondylolisthesis, is easy to be ignored. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease among middle-aged and elderly people, especially women, and is one of the major causes of fractures. As China enters an aging society, the impact of osteoporosis on public health is becoming increasingly serious. It is extremely important to understand osteoporosis, popularize the knowledge of osteoporosis prevention, and mobilize the whole society to participate in reducing the harm of osteoporosis. According to the survey, it is estimated that in 2006, about 69.44 million people (15.34 million men and 54.1 million women) were suffering from osteoporosis among people over 50 years old nationwide, and about 213.9 million people belonged to low bone mass (100.43 million men and 113.47 million women). 1 report of the International Osteoporosis Foundation shows that 1/3 of people over 50 years old are likely to have osteoporotic fractures in women and 1/5 in men. According to statistics, about 70% to 80% of middle-aged and elderly fractures in China are caused by osteoporosis, including about 1.81 million new vertebral fractures and 230,000 hip fractures each year. Osteoporotic fractures are very harmful and lead to increased disability and mortality, for example, after hip fracture, 20% of people die within one year due to various comorbidities, while about 50% of survivors are disabled and cannot take care of themselves, and the quality of life is significantly reduced. According to the definition of osteoporosis by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1994, osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass, destruction of bone microarchitecture, resulting in increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. 2001, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) defined osteoporosis as a bone disease in which the risk of fracture is increased due to decreased bone strength, which is mainly reflected by Bone strength is mainly reflected by bone density and bone mass. Classified osteoporosis can be classified as primary osteoporosis, secondary osteoporosis, and idiopathic osteoporosis. Primary osteoporosis can be divided into postmenopausal osteoporosis (type I) and osteoporosis in old age (type II), and secondary osteoporosis, also known as type III osteoporosis, which can be caused by endocrine metabolic system diseases, connective tissue diseases, drugs, kidney, and digestive system diseases. Risk factors for osteoporosis Risk factors for osteoporosis are divided into 2 categories: uncontrollable factors and controllable factors. Uncontrollable factors include: ethnicity (Caucasians and yellow people have a higher risk of osteoporosis than blacks), aging, menopausal women, and maternal family history. Controllable factors include: low body weight, hypogonadism, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, excessive coffee consumption, lack of physical activity, braking, nutritional imbalance in the diet, excessive or inadequate protein intake, high sodium diet, calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency (low light exposure or low intake), presence of diseases affecting bone metabolism and application of drugs affecting bone metabolism. Clinical manifestations of osteoporosis The most common clinical manifestations of osteoporosis are: pain, spinal deformities and the occurrence of fragility fractures. However, many patients with osteoporosis often have no obvious symptoms in the early stages, and are often found to have osteoporosis only after the fracture occurs by X-ray or bone density examination. Pain: Patients may have low back pain or circumferential skeletal pain, which is aggravated by increased load or limited activity, and in severe cases, difficulty in turning over, sitting up and walking. Spinal deformity: Severe osteoporosis may be manifested by height shortening and hunchback, spinal deformity and restricted extension. Compression fractures of the thoracic spine can lead to thoracic deformity and affect cardiopulmonary function; fractures of the lumbar spine may alter the abdominal anatomy, leading to constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distention, decreased appetite and a sense of premature fullness. Fractures: A fragility fracture is a low-energy or non-violent fracture, such as a fall from the height of the center of gravity or less than the height of the center of gravity, or a fracture that occurs as a result of other daily activities. After a fragility fracture has occurred, the risk of a second fracture is significantly increased.