Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused mainly by herpes simplex virus II (HSVII). It is second only to gonorrhea and non-gonococcal urethritis in Western countries, and is one of the common sexually transmitted diseases in China. The disease has a high incidence and can infect newborns through the placenta and birth canal, leading to miscarriage and neonatal death, and is also related to the occurrence of cervical cancer, which is more harmful and has no specific treatment, so it has received a lot of attention. A. Etiology Genital herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. HSV-1 is transmitted through close contact with the respiratory tract, skin and mucous membranes, and causes infections mainly in the mouth, throat, eyes and skin, and in a few cases (about 10%) also in the genitals. It is transmitted mainly through sexual intercourse and causes primary genital herpes. After the primary genital herpes has subsided, the residual virus is latent in the sacral ganglion along the nerve axis via the peripheral nerves for a long time, and the latent virus can be activated and recur when the body’s resistance is lowered or by some stimulating factors such as fever, cold, infection, menstruation, gastrointestinal disorders, trauma, etc. Humans are the only host of herpes virus, and the virus cannot survive outside the human body, and can be inactivated by ultraviolet light, ether and general disinfectants. Clinical manifestations On average, about 4-5 days after infection, there is a burning sensation in the affected area of the vulva, followed by the occurrence of clusters of papules, which can be one or more clusters, followed by the formation of blisters (Figure). After a few days, the lesions evolve into pustules, which break down and form vesicles or shallow ulcers, which are painful and finally heal themselves with scabs. The lesions are mostly found on the foreskin, glans, coronal sulcus and penis in men, and occasionally on the urethra; in women, they are mostly found on the labia, clitoris, mons pubis and cervix, and also on the urethra. Primary genital herpes is often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as general malaise, low-grade fever, headache, and swollen local gonads. The disease is often recurrent, and recurrent genital herpes is less severe than primary, with less damage and often no systemic symptoms. Male homosexuals can develop anorectal HSV-2 infection, which is second only to gonococcal anorectal inflammation, with clinical manifestations of anorectal pain, constipation, increased discharge and urgency, and perianal herpetic ulcers. The diagnosis is not difficult based on the typical characteristics of vulvar blisters, local burning sensation, history of recurrence, and short duration of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis can be made for some atypical lesions. (ii) Cytology of herpes viruses: cells were taken for smear and fluorescently labeled with monoclonal antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2, and viral inclusions with apple-green fluorescence in multinucleated giant cells were detected under fluorescence microscopy for diagnosis. ③Herpes virus tissue culture: human embryonic fibroblasts, human amniotic cells, and kidney cells are used for virus isolation and culture, and identification by immunofluorescence method can be confirmed, but the operation is complicated and expensive. ④Electron microscopy: It has a confirmatory value but is not easily popularized. ⑤ Serological diagnosis of herpes virus: detection of HSV-specific antibodies is of little practical value in diagnosis. IV. Treatment 1. Systemic treatment Acyclovir is a highly broad-spectrum antiviral drug that inhibits viral DNA polymerase and prevents DNA synthesis. Phthalbutamide can inhibit the replication of HSV and is effective for recurrent herpes. Intravenous or subcutaneous injection of a2 interferon, transfer factor intramuscular injection, levamisole and other internal administration also have certain efficacy. 2, local treatment Available compound zinc copper wet compress, 5% acyclovir ointment, phthalbutamide ointment, 0.1% herpes net solution, 0.1% gentian violet solution and other topical applications.