Surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma is a common means of surgical oncology, but for the management of some special cases, minimally invasive intervention and ablation techniques are needed. At present, our department has perfected local ablation techniques for tumors in various cases. Taking percutaneous water-cooled microwave thermocoagulation ablation as an example, we introduce two kinds of microwave ablation in special cases. Case 1 (special ablation under open abdomen): The patient is a 47-year-old male with chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis, splenomegaly with ascites, Child B, AFP 30u, and left inner lobe mass of 3.5 cm in diameter. The tumor was located below the diaphragm, adjacent to the large blood vessels and esophagus, and the anterior part was obscured by the thoracic cavity. On the first day after surgery, transaminases and other indicators were significantly elevated, and the pathology of the puncture was reported as hepatocellular carcinoma, and the ascites was controlled with supportive treatment, and he was discharged 10 days after surgery. Case 2 (laparoscopic ablation): The patient was male, 46 years old, slow hepatitis B, fatty liver, left hepatic mass of 1.5 cm in diameter, AFP 3150u, and the patient requested liver transplantation, but treatment was needed during waiting for liver. Surgical resection was not difficult, but minimally invasive ablation was recommended in order to create better abdominal conditions for liver transplantation. Because direct puncture may injure the stomach and duodenum (as shown in the figure), microwave ablation under laparoscopy is a better choice. One month after the surgery, the AFP decreased to 8u and CT showed complete ablation of the tumor and no blood flow.