Schizophrenia can occur in both adults and children, and it is one of the more common psychiatric disorders in children. The clinical features of childhood schizophrenia are described here. It is characterized by thought association disorders, affective disorders, and significant abnormalities and incongruities in activity performance with age-appropriate behavior. The following is an introduction to the steps of the examination of association and affective disorders in children. 1, a comprehensive medical history including people related to the affected child, such as parents, babysitters, teachers or other relatives, as well as the affected child himself. The diagnosis of depression in children is mainly based on depressed mood, most children have depressed mood and depressive symptoms, but 1/3 of patients have depressed mood without depressive symptoms. In young children there may be only depressive symptoms without depressive mood. In addition, young children are often shorter in estimating when they experience unpleasant, uncomfortable, or unhappy moods than they actually do because they do not estimate the time accurately. Therefore, clinicians should carefully question the person concerned and the child himself to avoid missing the diagnosis. 2.Comprehensive examination Because of the poor ability of young children to describe their emotional experience with language, clinicians mainly judge by observing their facial expression, posture, movement, voice pitch, volume of speech and activity. Those with psychotic symptoms of adolescent mania or depression should carefully observe the relationship between them and emotional disorders, and if necessary, make diagnosis by combining past history and family history. 3.Somatic and neurological and laboratory examinations Excluding organic diseases, DST can be used as diagnostic auxiliary information.