Children experience great physical, mental and emotional changes during their growth and development and are vulnerable to various factors, and various types of mental illnesses directly hinder their growth and development and physical and mental health. With the advancement of industrialization and urbanization of society in recent years, as well as changes in family structure and the way parents educate their children, the psychological pressure on children is increasing and the incidence of mental illness is gradually rising. What should be done to prevent association and affective disorders in children? In practice, many children who should receive treatment do not end up being admitted to hospitals and delay their illnesses due to various reasons, including parents’ disapproval of treatment. The treatment of mental illness varies depending on the type of illness. In general, it is a relatively comprehensive process that includes medication, psychotherapy and behavioral treatment. Medication is mainly used to control the symptoms of the disease, while psychotherapy and behavioral training are needed as auxiliary means. Parents should also pay attention to the prevention of mental illness in children, try their best to create a good family atmosphere for their children, try to reduce the risk factors around their children that may trigger mental illness, communicate with their children more often, provide psychological guidance to their children, discover their psychological problems and mental abnormalities in a timely manner, and seek professional help when necessary to achieve early identification, early diagnosis and early treatment.