Schizophrenia can occur in both adults and children, and it is one of the more common psychiatric disorders in children. The clinical features of childhood schizophrenia are described here. It is characterized by thought association disorders, affective disorders, and significant abnormalities and incongruities in activity performance with age-appropriate behavior. The prevalence of schizophrenia in children is lower than that in adults. According to foreign reports, the prevalence of schizophrenia in children under 15 years of age is about 0.14% to 0.34%. The prevalence of schizophrenia in children is reported to be 0.05% to 0.08% in the domestic literature; the rates are similar for men and women. The number of children with onset of schizophrenia before the age of 10 years was low; the number of children with onset of schizophrenia after the age of 10 years increased significantly. The youngest age of onset was 3 years old, and the majority of adolescents aged 12 to 14 years were generally affected. Follow-up observations show that the prognosis is poor for those with a young age of onset, slow onset and slow course of production, progressive development and mental retardation. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt and active treatment are important for the prevention of schizophrenia in children.