Brain stem tumors (brain stem glioma) account for 1.4% of intracranial tumors. They are mainly gliomas, among which astrocytomas and polar adult glioblastomas are more common, followed by oligodendrogliomas, ventricular meningeal gliomas, medulloblastomas, in addition to hemangiomas, cysts, teratomas, tuberculomas, metastatic tumors and so on. They are more prevalent in children and adolescents, with the highest incidence especially in children aged 5-9 years. Poorly differentiated polar glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and ventricular meningioma are more common in children, while astrocytoma is more common in adults. In children, the disease duration is short and progresses quickly; it often causes severe brainstem symptoms within a short period of time; in adults, the disease duration is long and progresses slowly, and severe brainstem symptoms can occur within months or even a year. According to the introduction, glioma is the most common intracranial tumor, accounting for about 45% of all intracranial tumors, which originates from glial cells in the brain. In the past 30 years, the incidence of primary malignant brain tumors has been increasing year by year, with an annual growth rate of about 1.2%, especially in middle-aged and elderly people. According to the literature, the annual incidence of glioma in China is 3-6 per 100,000 people, and the annual number of deaths is 30,000. Gliomas usually do not have typical symptoms at the beginning of the disease. As the tumor continues to grow, it will show the following symptoms: one is the increase of intracranial pressure and other general symptoms, such as headache, vomiting, loss of vision, diplopia, seizure and psychiatric symptoms. The other is the local symptoms caused by the compression, infiltration and destruction of brain tissue by tumor. Glioma is an infiltrative growth, which has no obvious boundary with normal brain tissue and is difficult to be completely removed, not very sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and very easy to recur. Chemical drugs and general anti-tumor herbal medicines are not effective due to the blood-brain barrier and other factors, so glioma is still one of the tumors with the worst prognosis among the whole body. According to the classification of glioma, it can be divided into the following types: astrocytoma is the most common type of glioma, accounting for about 40%. The pathological classification is grade I (astrocytoma), grade II (astroblastoma), and grade III-IV (glioblastoma multiforme). Grade I-II astrocytomas are low-grade malignant, with slow onset. The tumor is mostly solid or cystic in CT and MR, with unclear borders, and the solid part of the tumor or cystic nodules can be enhanced. Clinical manifestations vary progressively with the location of the lesion, and eventually symptoms of cranial hypertension appear. Grade III-IV glioblastoma multiforme has rapid onset and is the most malignant tumor, mostly growing in the cerebral hemisphere. The tumor may be surrounded by edema in a large area of brain tissue. Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant tumor, usually found in children aged 2-10 years old, and at least in children a few months old.