Syphilis is a chronic systemic infectious disease caused by the syphilis spirochete. Syphilis has a variety of different manifestations, closely related to the stage of infection, the route of infection, etc. Its classification is summarized as follows.
1. Acquired (acquired) syphilis
The disease is classified into early and late stages, and those who have been infected for less than 2 years are considered early stage, and those who have been infected for more than 2 years are considered late stage.
(1) Stage I syphilis
①Hard chancre;
(2) Painless flaccid (hard lymphadenitis);
(3) Stage I latent syphilis.
(2) Stage II syphilis
(1) Syphilitic multiple hard lymphadenitis;
② syphilis rash;
③Cardiovascular syphilis, ocular syphilis, neurological syphilis, etc;
④Mucosal syphilis rash;
(5) Stage II latent syphilis.
(3) Stage III syphilis
①Nodular syphilis rash;
②Syphilis gum-like swelling;
③Ocular and bone syphilis;
④Cardiovascular syphilis;
(5) Neurological syphilis;
⑥Gastrointestinal and hepatic syphilis;
(7) Late latent syphilis.
2.Congenital syphilis
(1) Fetal syphilis.
(2) Early congenital syphilis Patients within 2 years of age, including early latent syphilis.
(3) Late congenital syphilis Patients older than 2 years old, including latent syphilis.
After entering the body, the syphilis spirochete, the causative agent of syphilis, can spread to the whole body through the lymphatic system and blood circulation, and can invade all organs and tissues of the body. It can be found in various places in the body of early patients, such as blood, internal organs and secretions from the lesion, breast milk, saliva, urine and semen.
Syphilis spirochetes are weakly viable outside the body. It can survive for several hours in a moist appliance or wet towel at room temperature; only half an hour in a 48°C environment; and die quickly in a dry environment or when exposed to general disinfectants (e.g., 15 minutes of exposure to 0.1% carbolic acid). But the pathogen is more resistant to cold, if below 0 ℃ can survive 1 to 2 days, at 78 ℃ can survive for several years without losing pathogenicity.