Prevent cold and upper respiratory tract infection If infection occurs, we should use adequate amount of short course antibiotics in time, and pay attention to the drugs used should not affect the role of anticoagulants, try to avoid the application of antipyretic drugs, so as to avoid synergistic effect with anticoagulants (overdose) induced hemorrhage, and the body fully recovered before the cold will aggravate the wound local pain or discomfort. Second, rehabilitation and exercise 1, the general valve replacement rest 3 to 6 months after surgery, and then a comprehensive review, including physical examination, ECG, X-ray, echocardiography and so on. Combined with the cardiac function, physical condition to decide whether to resume work and study, the beginning can be gradually increased from half a day to a day. Healthy exercise is also easy to start from light activities, such as short-distance walking, etc., and then appropriately extend the time to increase the amount of activity. 2, activity plan: (1) first indoors, walking around the house, just started holding things (2) such as no difficulty → walk (improve blood circulation, increase musculoskeletal strength) Walking plan: the beginning of walking speed and pace to feel comfortable as a limit, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, asthma and fatigue should be stopped immediately, wait for the disappearance of the symptoms before resuming activities. If you still feel a sudden loss of control or rapid heartbeat after general activity, or if you have mild dizziness, fatigue and irregular pulse, you should see a doctor. The following recommended activity plan: the first week: two times a day, each five minutes walk The second week: two times a day, each ten minutes walk The third week: two times a day, each twenty minutes walk The fourth week: should be gradually increased to thirty minutes a day 3, appropriate to participate in socializing, optimistic and positive attitude toward the world, conducive to physical rehabilitation, can be advocated in the case of physical condition permits, to do some simple household chores, planting flowers and plants, Read books and newspapers, but also cultivate the sentiment. 4, as far as possible to avoid participating in trauma-prone work, 3 to 6 months after discharge from the hospital to rest according to the doctor’s signature can be resumed light work, according to adapt to the work situation and the level of cardiac function at that time, under the guidance of the medical staff to determine the amount of activity, can be a trial first month of work in the formal work. 5, health care After surgery, general recovery takes about 6 weeks, and healing of the sternum takes about three months. During the recovery period, avoid greater tension on the sternum, such as lifting heavy objects, holding children, moving furniture, pulling heavy objects. And should pay attention to: (1) Maintain the correct posture, when the body is upright or sitting, the sternum should be lifted up as much as possible, the two shoulders piggyback to the back, this posture may be uncomfortable in the early stage, but try to insist on it, so as to avoid the feeling of strangulation of the chest when the chest is lifted up to stand up in the future. (2) Horizontal lifting of both upper limbs: practicing horizontal lifting of both upper limbs will not affect the healing of bones, but also keep a certain tension in the muscles of upper limbs to avoid shoulder stiffness. It is important to do it 2 times a day for 1 month after discharge from the hospital for physical recovery. Third, anticoagulation: 1, after the replacement of mechanical flap, lifelong anticoagulation. Regular daily medication, in general, can not be casually stopped, biological anticoagulation 3-6 months after the reduction of the amount of 1-2 weeks to stop the end, if the patient combined with atrial fibrillation, huge left atrium, postoperative low cardiac excretion or circulatory function is low, should be prolonged anticoagulation time to 3-6 months. 2.After being discharged from the hospital, it is necessary to check the prothrombin time in the nearest larger hospital every 1-2 months as a basis for adjusting the dosage of anticoagulants to ensure the stability of anticoagulation. 3, check the requirements: no matter what kind of anticoagulant is taken, all blood will be drawn to check the prothrombin time, and it is required to achieve the prothrombin time in the normal control to extend 1.5-2 times. (Example: normal control 12 seconds, your prothrombin time should be checked between 18-24 seconds) such as lower than 1.5 times, should be appropriate to increase the number, such as higher than 2.5 times, should be appropriate to reduce the amount. Adjust the amount of 24 hours after taking -36 hours a day to go back for another review, until adjusted to the dose taken to reach 1.5-2 times until. 4, affecting blood test results and the effectiveness of anticoagulants in the body of a number of factors are as follows: ① weaken the role of anticoagulant drugs, anticoagulant binding (cholestyramine), to promote its metabolism fast (rifampicin, pallidomycin), or elevated coagulation factors (estrogen, oral contraceptives) ② enhance the anticoagulant effect of the drugs: a broad-spectrum antibiotics (so that the synthesis of vk1 reduced), inhibit the decomposition of the enzyme (chloramphenicol), metronidazole, alcohol). ② Enhanced anticoagulation: broad-spectrum antibiotics (reducing vk1 synthesis), enzymes that inhibit the breakdown of agents (chloramphenicol, metronidazole, alcohol, etc.), and drugs that synergize anticoagulation or interfere with platelet action such as quinidine, antomin, aspirin, povidone, and benadryl. ③ Eat less food with high vk1 content, such as spinach, carrots, tomatoes, cabbage, cauliflower, eggs, pig liver, etc. ④ Diarrhea, vomiting, right heart failure and liver disease can reduce vk1 synthesis or absorption. ⑤ The technical error of blood test, suspicious of error, should repeat the test. 5.If there are bleeding gums, hematuria, abdominal pain, coma and so on, which is often the manifestation of anticoagulant overdose, must go to the hospital immediately for review, if the prolongation of prothrombinogen time is found to be more than 2.5 times (e.g., the control is 13 seconds, and the 2.5 times is 32 seconds), the drug should be stopped immediately that day, and if anticoagulant is already taken on the same day, it should be rested for one day, and stopped for one day on the next day, and then go to the hospital for review on the third day, and the prothrombinogen time is then checked and then stopped again on the third day. The prothrombinogen time, and then adjust the amount of drugs, such as no special emergency, do not casually inject vk1 against. If there is heart failure, cerebrovascular or limb vascular embolism symptoms (sudden syncope, hemiparesis, lower extremity cold pain, skin color pale), heart valve sound abnormalities, should be considered insufficient anticoagulant drugs caused by 6, anticoagulant, such as the need to extract teeth, or to do lumpectomy and other elective or emergency surgery: ① Where to do a small operation, the estimated amount of bleeding is small, and can be applied to the compression hemostasis, do not have to stop anticoagulant, ② If a larger bleeding to be emergency surgery, then can be used to stop bleeding, the bleeding can be stopped, the bleeding should be stopped, the bleeding should be stopped. (ii) if the bleeding must be emergency surgery, then intravenous injection of vk120mg after surgery, after 36-72h local without secondary bleeding restart oral anticoagulants, the dose and method of taking the same as after the first hospitalization. ③ For elective surgery, stop the drug 2-3 times before surgery, after the prothrombin time reaches the normal time, then surgery, and then restart anticoagulation 36-72 hours after surgery. 7, menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth: married women of childbearing age should take contraceptives for three years, three years later, if you want to get pregnant, you should work out health care measures with your doctor to ensure the safety of mother and child: ① the first three months of pregnancy, stop the drug, switch to subcutaneous injection of heparin (sometimes need to terminate the pregnancy) ② 1-2 weeks before the expected date of delivery, stop the drug, switch to intravenous injection of heparin, 24-48 hours after delivery, if there is no bleeding, then restart anticoagulation 36-72 hours after the operation. -48 hours later, restart anticoagulants if there is no sign of bleeding. ③ Those who need to perform cesarean section should stop taking anticoagulants or switch to subcutaneous heparin 3-7 days before the operation until 6h before the operation, and then start anticoagulation if there is no sign of bleeding from the operation 1-2 days after the operation. All the above measures should be carried out in conjunction with the blood tests and with reference to the results of the tests. During the menstrual period, generally does not lead to increased bleeding, such as bleeding, can reduce the amount of medication, can also consider injecting vk1, such as bleeding or bleeding at the same time to adjust the amount of anticoagulants, should be consulted in the obstetrician and gynecologist, specific treatment. Fourth, take cardiotonic and diuretics note: after discharge from the hospital, according to the situation of taking high tech half to one year, the amount should be taken according to the amount of discharge instructions, a daily dose (0.25mg), such as pulse less than 60 times / minute, that is to say, there is an overdose of toxicity phenomenon, should be stopped for 2-3 days and take potassium chlorohuahua tablets, and at the same time, as soon as possible, go to a major hospital to correct the diagnosis and treatment. For those who need to take diuretics, chloroform potassium tablets should be taken three times a day, 1g each time.