Heart valve disease is prevalent all over the world, and the causes of heart valve failure include: rheumatic cardiomyopathy, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, congenital heart disease, infection and trauma. In China, cardiovascular diseases have taken the first place among the causes of death. China’s adult rheumatic heart valve disease incidence rate of 2, 34 ‰ -2, 72 ‰, according to 1 billion population estimates, adult rheumatic heart valve disease patients about 1.5 million people. Because of the seriousness of the valve lesions may require the implementation of artificial heart valve replacement surgery, about 200,000 cases, most of these patients are young adults, such as timely surgery for valve replacement, will cause incalculable losses to society. The indications for prosthetic heart valve replacement surgery are mainly based on the degree of damage to the patient’s heart valve. Where the valve lesions are serious and can not do the molding surgery patients, as long as the systemic condition allows should strive to implement valve replacement surgery, the patient’s age is not an absolute limit. Some common lesions are summarized as follows: 1. Mitral stenosis: If the valve leaflets are active and only have junctional adhesions or mild subvalvular damage, closed dilatation or direct visualization can be performed. If the valve is calcified or has funnel-like changes, valve replacement surgery needs to be performed; 2. Mitral valve closure insufficiency: those with enlarged mitral annulus or limited leaflet curling at the junction can strive for direct visualization and plasty. Leaflet perforation, tendon cable rupture, etc., if the molding surgery is difficult to completely correct or molding surgery failure, it is appropriate to implement mitral valve replacement surgery. Mitral stenosis combined with mitral valve insufficiency, most of the need for valve replacement; 3, tricuspid valve damage: usually the tricuspid valve does not do valve replacement surgery. Only when the lesion is serious, valve replacement surgery is performed; 4, aortic stenosis: congenital aortic stenosis can often be implemented in the teenage period of direct incision surgery, middle-aged and elderly aortic stenosis is mostly due to congenital aortic valve dystrophy based on the calcification of the aortic valve. Aortic valve replacement surgery needs to be implemented; 5, aortic valve closure: aortic valve closure can be caused by the aortic annulus enlargement, leaflet tearing and perforation, curling or prolapse, etc., and valve replacement surgery should be usually implemented. Only mild prolapse of the aortic valve may do the plastic surgery; 6, pulmonary valve lesions: mostly congenital malformations, rarely need to replace the valve, often need to implement the right ventricle with valve pipeline – pulmonary artery diversion surgery. Relative contraindications to artificial heart valve replacement surgery: 1, rheumatic activity has not been controlled or controlled less than 3 months; 2, heart failure combined with myocardial ischemia damage, such as aortic stenosis of the late patients, cardiac function has improved, but still strive for surgery; 3, liver, renal function, or systemic condition is too poor and can not withstand the operation of the patient; 4, patients with bacterial endocarditis has been septic and multiple infections are not suitable for surgery. The following is a list of the most common types of heart valves used in the treatment of endocarditis The choice of artificial heart valve: valve replacement surgery with what kind of artificial valve should be based on specific circumstances for specific analysis. The patient’s age, occupation, physical strength, mental status, the patient’s opinion on the choice of valve, the patient’s myocardial condition and the patient’s ability to receive long-term anticoagulation therapy should be considered. Biologic valves have good hemodynamics, low thromboembolism rates, and may not require long-term anticoagulation in some patients, but the biggest disadvantage of biologic valves is their poor durability. Therefore, biologic valves are mainly used in the following patients: 1, women of childbearing age who wish to become pregnant; 2, for age, biologic valves should be preferred in patients over 60 years of age, and mechanical valves are preferred in patients under 50 years of age, which ensures their durability and avoids calcification of the biologic valves in adolescents; 3, in patients with hemorrhagic qualities and bleeding disorders, as well as in patients with other reasons for not being able to receive long-term anticoagulant therapy; and 4, according to the patient’s Depending on the patient’s economic and health care conditions, it is advisable to use a bioprosthetic valve for those who are unable to undergo anticoagulation in rural areas; 5. The tricuspid valve is the site with the highest thromboembolism rate of all valve replacement embolisms, which may be related to the low pressure and slow flow of blood in this site. Clinical observation in the tricuspid valve parts of the thromboembolism rate to the disc valve is the highest, followed by the ball valve, bioprosthetic valve lowest, so the tricuspid valve parts of the valve replacement using bioprosthetic valve is more ideal. The durability of mechanical valves is good, and at present, regardless of the material made of mechanical valves implanted in the heart, patients need lifelong anticoagulation therapy. With the advances in cardiac surgery and extracorporeal circulation technology as a whole, the safety of valve surgery has improved significantly. The mortality rate for valve replacement surgery is currently around 5% and is not significantly related to the type of prosthetic valve. The main risk factors for valve replacement surgery are: the patient’s physical status prior to surgery, mainly cardiac compensatory function and pulmonary vascular disease; and additional cardiac surgery, such as valve replacement with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting. Currently, reoperation is not very difficult even if the patient is old or