Successful heart valve replacement surgery is not the complete end of treatment, but the beginning of the process of postoperative cardiac function maintenance. Home care after discharge from the hospital is aimed at rehabilitating the patient and acquiring knowledge and ability of self-care, which mainly includes living and living, emotional adjustment, dietary regulation, functional exercise, rational use of drugs and drug effect observation. The following points should be emphasized: the problem of taking anticoagulants: 48-72 hours after the operation, no bloody exudate in the chest or mediastinal drain (if tracheotomy needs to be removed after the removal of tracheal intubation), the drain can be removed, and at this time, the patient should comply with the doctor’s instructions for oral anticoagulants, the dosage of which depends on the prothrombinogen time (PT) and the degree of activity to be decided. Record the dose in the health care booklet after each dose so that it can be given to the doctor for reference when reviewing. Accompany the patient to the regular hospital for review of prothrombin time and activity to minimize errors. Keep the PT at 18-24 seconds and activity at about 35%. Now WHO (World Health Organization) advocates the international standard of oral anticoagulant testing, i.e., international standard ratio (INR), and the INR should be controlled between 1.7-2.5 after valve replacement (Author’s note). If the dose of anticoagulant medication is changed, after 3 days, PT and activity need to be rechecked until the desired index is approached. The test should be repeated 1-2 weeks for the first 6 months after surgery, 2-3 months after 6 months, and 3 months after 1 year, with a normal specimen as a control for each test. The medication should be taken regularly, the routine oral anticoagulant once a day, each time to take the medication should be in the doctor’s prescription time within 2 hours; such as leakage of anticoagulant, must make up for the service. If you miss a dose, you need to use 12 days to adjust to the position of the original time to take medication. If the original 18 o’clock medication, missed dose, the next day at 10 o’clock, make up the dose as follows: to push back 2 hours, for example, the first, second and third days, are at 10 o’clock medication, the fourth, fifth and sixth days, are at 12 o’clock medication, the seventh, eighth and ninth days are in the 14th day of the medication, the 10th, 11th and 12th day of the medication at 16 o’clock, the 13th day after the medication time will be adjusted back to its original position on the time (18 o’clock); 1 tablet in divided doses of relatively uniform size is sufficient. If the value of prothrombin is higher than normal, it is necessary to adjust the medication, as well as how to reduce or avoid interfering with the anticoagulant effect should listen to the doctor’s advice. Patients convalescing at home to maintain a regular life, happy spirit, mood, warm and cold appropriate; strictly prevent colds, avoid exertion, prevent injuries, infections and infectious diseases. Diet should be a combination of coarse and fine meat and vegetables, and should not concentrate on eating too many vegetables or high-fat food, so as not to affect the effect of anticoagulation or increase the burden on the heart. Those who take potassium-discharging diuretics should eat more potassium-containing foods, such as seafood, beans, mushrooms and fruits, and do not eat too salty foods.